390 THE STUDY OF INSECTS, 



of gene/a, which have been distinguished as the Coppers, 

 the Blues, and the Hair-streaks. 



I. The Coppers. The Coppers are easily distinguished 

 from other gossamer-winged butterflies by their orange-red 

 and brown colors, each with a coppery tinge, and conspicu- 

 ous black markings. They are the stoutest of the Lycsenidae. 

 About twenty species are known to occur in this country ; 

 the three following will serve-as illustrations: 



The American Copper, Heodes kypophlaas (He-o'des 

 hyp-o-phlae'as). This is the most common of our coppers 

 in the Northeastern States and in Canada. Its range ex- 

 tends also along the boundary between the United States 

 and Canada to the Pacific Ocean, and southward into Cali- 

 fornia ; and in the east along the Alleghany Mountains 

 south to Georgia. It is represented on Plate I (Fig. 4). 

 The fore wings are orange-red above, spotted with black, 

 and with a blackish brown outer border ; the hind wings are 

 coppery brown, with a broad orange-red band on the outer 

 margin ; this band is indented by four black spots. 



The larva feeds on the common sorrel (Rumex acetosella). 



The Bronze Copper, Chrysoplianus thoe (Chrys-o-pha'nus 

 tho'e). This is larger than the preceding species, the wings 

 expanding one and one half inches or more. In the male 

 the wings are coppery brown above, spotted with black, and 

 with a broad orange-red band on the outer margin of the 

 hind wings. The female differs in having the fore wings 

 orange-red above, with prominent black spots. 



This species occurs in the Middle and Western States 

 from the Connecticut Valley to Nebraska. The larva feeds 

 on curled dock (Rumex crispus). 



The Wanderer, Feniseca tarquinius (Fe-nis'e-ca tar-quin'i- 

 us). This butterfly can be readily distinguished from all 

 other Lycaenids in our fauna by the fact that vein V, of 

 the fore wings coalesces with radius for a considerable dis- 

 tance beyond the apex of the discal cell. The upper surface 

 of the wings is dark brown, with a large, irregular, orange- 



