DRINKING- AND BATHING-FOUNTAINS 119 



coarse sand and cement, and on top of that 

 another layer of fine sand and cement, which, in 

 the absence of a trowel, I smoothed out with my 

 hands. The finished bath is about 33 inches 

 across, with a rim about 2 inches wide and about 

 one inch below the level of the surrounding 

 sod. 



" When the bath is filled, the water in the 

 centre is about three inches deep and slopes grad- 

 ually to the rim." 



Pans for Fountains. If one has the use of 

 running water, there will be little trouble in pro- 

 viding a constant fresh supply. But simple and 1 

 effective bird-baths may be made of almost any 

 shallow receptacle, such as large flower-pot saucers, , 

 pans of various kinds, wash-boiler covers, etc; 

 Sand and gravel should be placed in these, so as 

 to give a range of depth of water from about a 

 half-inch at the edge to about two in the centre. 

 Or shelving rocks may be placed in the basin ; 

 these would render easier the change of water, 

 which should be renewed each day, and would 

 furnish a standing place for the birds which is 

 better than the smooth edge of the pan. These 

 pans may be fastened in the crotch of a tree, or 

 placed on a post or window-sill, high enough to be 

 out of the reach of cats. It is preferable to place 



