OF WILD ANIMALS 9 



Intelligence is created by the possession of knowledge 

 either inherited or acquired. It may be either latent or active; 

 and it is the forerunner of reason. 



Instinct is the knowledge or impulse which animals or 

 men derive from their ancestors by inheritance, and which 

 they obey, either consciously or subconsciously in working out 

 their own preservation, increase and betterment. Instinct of- 

 ten functions as a sixth sense. 



Education is the acquirement of knowledge by precept or 

 by observation; but animals as well as men may be self-taught, 

 and become self-educated, by the diligent exercise of the ob- 

 serving and reasoning faculties. The adjustment of a wild 

 animal mind to conditions unknown to its ancestors is through 

 the process of self-education, and by logical reasoning from 

 premise to conclusion. 



The wild animal must think, or die. 



Animal intelligence varies in quantity and quality as much 

 as animals vary in size. Idiots, maniacs and sleeping persons 

 are the only classes of human beings who are devoid of intelli- 

 gence and reasoning power. Idiots and maniacs also are often 

 devoid of the common animal instinct that ordinarily promotes 

 self-preservation from fire, water and high places. A heavily- 

 sleeping person is often so sodden in slumber that his senses 

 of smell and hearing are temporarily dead; and many a sleep- 

 ing man has been asphyxiated by gas or smoke, or burned to 

 death, because his deadened senses failed to arouse him at the 

 critical moment. (This dangerous condition of mind can be 

 cured by efforts of the will, exercised prior to sleep, through a 

 determination resolutely to arouse and investigate every un- 

 usual sensation that registers "danger" on any one of the 

 senses.) The normal individual sleeps with a subconscious and 

 sensitive mind, from which thought and reason have not been 

 entirely eliminated. 



Every act of a man or animal, vertebrate or invertebrate, 

 is based upon either reason or hereditary instinct. It is a mis- 



