28 THE MINDS AND MANNERS 



cited bellows or roars, in a deep bass voice. Usually, however, 

 it is a persistently silent animal. 



The chimpanzee has a voice, and vociferously expresses 

 its emotions. 



First and most often is the plaintive, coaxing note, "Who'- 

 o6!who'-od!who'-oo!" 



Then comes the angry and threatening, " Wah', wah', wah- ! 

 Wah'-hobl Wah'-hobl" 



Lastly we hear the fearful, high-pitched yell or shriek, 

 "Ah-h-h-h!" or "E-e-e-e." 



The shriek, or scream, can be heard half a mile, and at 

 close range it is literally ear-splitting. Usually it is accom- 

 panied by violent stamping or pounding with the feet upon 

 the floor. It may signify rage, or nothing more than the joy 

 of living, and of having a place in which to yell. It is this 

 cry that is uncannily human-like in sound, and when heard 

 for the first time it seems to register anguish. 



In its Bornean jungle home, the orang-utan is nearly as 

 silent as the grave. Never save once did I hear one utter a 

 vocal sound. That was a deep bass roar emitted by an old 

 male that I disturbed while he was sleeping on the com- 

 fortable nest of green branches that he had built for himself. 



Concerning the chimpanzee, the late Mr. Richard L. 

 Garner testified as follows: 



"Not only does the chimpanzee often break the silence of 

 the forest when all other voices are hushed, but he frequently 

 answers the sounds of other animals, as if in mockery or 

 defiance. . . . Although diurnal in habit, the chimpanzees 

 often make the night reverberate with the sounds of their 

 terrific screaming, which I have known them to continue at 

 times for more than an hour, with scarcely a moment's pause, 

 not one voice but many, and within the area of a square mile 

 or so I have distinguished as many as seven alternating adult 

 male voices. 



"The gorilla is more silent and stoical than the chimpanzee, 



