OF WILD ANIMALS 259 



conclusions with a railway train. In 1906, on the Korat branch 

 of \he Siamese State Railway, a bull elephant attacked a freight 

 train running at full speed. He charged the rushing loco- 

 motive, with the result that the locomotive and several cars were 

 derailed and sent down the side of the grade, and two persons 

 were killed. The elephant was killed outright and buried under 

 the wreck of the train. This occurred in open country, where 

 there was no excuse for an elephant on the track, and therefore 

 the charge of the rogue was wholly gratuitous. 



Captive elephants whose managers are too humane to punish 

 them for manifestations of meanness become spoiled by their 

 immunity, just as mean children are spoiled when fond and 

 foolish parents feel that their little jackets are too sacred ever 

 to be tanned. Such complete immunity is as bad for bad ele- 

 phants as for bad children, but in practice the severe punish- 

 ment of an elephant with real benefit to the animal is next door 

 to an impossibility, and so we never attempt it. We do, how- 

 ever, inflict mild punishments, of the fourth order of efficiency. 



Animals and Men. Among the animals that are most 

 courageous against man are the species and individuals that 

 are most familiar with him, and feel for him both contempt 

 and hatred. The cat scratches, the bad dog bites, the vicious 

 horse kicks or bites, and the mean pet bear, tiger, ape, leopard, 

 bison or deer will attempt injury or murder whenever they think 

 the chance has arrived. I know a lady whose pet monkey 

 is a savage and mean little beast, and because she never thrashes 

 it as it deserves, both of her arms from wrist to elbow have been 

 scarified by its teeth. 



Mr. E. R. Sanborn, official photographer of the Zoological 

 Park, once made an ingenious and also terrifying experiment. 

 He made an excellent dummy keeper, stood it up, and tied it 

 fast against the fence inside the yard of our very large and 

 savage male Grevy Zebra. Then he posed his moving picture 

 camera in a safe place, and the keeper turned the zebra into the 

 yard. 



