86 MODERN TRAINING. 



but the latter should not be over one-eighth of an inch in 

 thickness. The long strap should be twenty-two inches in 

 length and an inch and a quarter in width. The short 

 strap, including both buckle and ring, should not exceed 

 five inches. For obvious reasons the buckle should be 

 square ; the oblong, marked B, should also be square in the 

 corners, thus preventing the collar from rolling and throw- 

 ing the spikes' points upward, if the dog takes a few turns. 

 This square should be made of tough steel rod, three-six- 

 teenths of an inch in diameter, and in dimensions one and 

 one-quarter inches by one-half inch in the clear. Having 

 an oblong in place of a ring is a very important feature, as 

 all those who have used a collar much will readily perceive. 

 A ring allows the collar to twist, and this is a source of con- 

 stant annoyance and obstruction in the training. The dis- 

 tance from the oblong B to the spikes C should be ten 

 inches. The spikes nearest B should be one and three- 

 quarter inches from the oblong, and the remaining spikes 

 should be half-way between C and the spikes nearest B. 

 The spikes should project five-eighths of an inch. The ring 

 A should be one and one-eighth inches in diameter. The 

 spikes should be one-quarter of an inch in diameter, and 

 the points should be blunt and short. A very good illustra- 

 tion of the spikes is given in the sectional view of the collar 

 herewith given. The spikes are screwed through a narrow 

 steel plate, one-eighth of an inch in thickness. The dia- 

 gram will show the remainder of the construction without 

 further explanation. 



Besides the direct uses of the collar in training, it has 

 very advantageous incidental effects. If it is put on a dog's 

 neck in field work, if he has had some training with it, he 

 will be comparatively steady and obedient. He might re- 

 fuse to retrieve a bird without the collar on his neck, and 

 retrieve it nicely with it on. By taking advantage of this 



