I08 MODERN TRAINING. 



or kill. Lazy or sulky dogs, as aforementioned, can be 

 driven from heel with the whip, yet it is frequently the case 

 that they are not worth the trouble. 



To teach this order, the trainer leads the dog about in 

 the yard or in the fields. When the dog presses to the front, 

 or to one side, which he is sure to do, a sharp tap or two 

 with the whip will drive him to the rear. At the same time, 

 the order Heel is given in the ordinary tone of voice. Every 

 attempt to walk elsewhere than at heel must be promptly 

 checked. If the dog struggles or sags back in an ordinary 

 kennel collar, put a spike collar on him, not necessarily to 

 jerk him about, but simply to hold him in place. The spike 

 collar alone is recommended by a few writers as the proper 

 instrument to employ in teaching a dog to heel, but it is 

 unnecessarily severe, and less effective than the whip and 

 spike collar combined. All punishment should be avoided 

 unless it is a necessity. 



After the dog comprehends the meaning of the order, 

 the signal, a wave of the right or left hand downward to the 

 rear, may be associated with it. When he will follow with 

 any degree of certainty, he is sufficiently prepared for field 

 work, as, in the primary lessons, there is every reason to 

 avoid inculcating the act so thoroughly that it becomes 

 habitual. Field training is the proper part wherein to per- 

 fect obedience to this order. The dog is sent out to work 

 betimes, there is something to interest him constantly, thus 

 differing materially from the conditions of yard breaking. It 

 is no particular trouble to teach it in the field without any 

 yard lessons. The same method is used, when so taught; 

 it has the advantage, when taught in field work, that the 

 trainer can always tell accurately how the lessons are har- 

 monizing with the rest of the training, and can thus con- 

 duct them intelligently. 



Drop.K few trainers use the spike collar exclusively 



