270 MODERN TRAINING. 



" (5.) By specific experiments on the brain and nerves, 

 it is shown that they are indispensable to the mental func- 

 tions." 



The learned author then proceeds in a scientific exposi- 

 tion of the dimensions, shape and matter of the brain, and 

 of the nerves and their action, and the power of sensation 

 dependent on them; for instance, the sensations of sounds, 

 tastes, sights, smells are known through the nerves of the 

 ear, tongue, eye and nose respectively. It may not be cor- 

 rect to say through, but such is sufficiently accurate for the 

 purpose. On these functional powers of the senses depend 

 all the capability of acquiring knowledge, either in man or 

 the lower animals. The dog has a brain containing white 

 and gray matter, a nervous system and capabilities of sen- 

 sation, since all will admit that he can hear, see, smell, taste 

 and feel. He must have a perception of these else there 

 would be no sensation, for it is plain that if the dog was 

 not conscious of hearing, seeing, etc., he would have 

 neither sensation nor perception. The dog has capability 

 to become mentally excited, mentally deranged from dis- 

 eases of the nerves or brain; and feels fatigue, pains in the 

 body, etc. A blow on the head suspends consciousness, 

 and may destroy his memory or intelligence. The shape 

 of the head is indicative of intelligence, and dogs vary 

 greatly in intelligence. Having a brain, a delicate nervous 

 organization, and as many organs of sense as the highest 

 order of animal life, it is fair to assume that, inasmuch as 

 mind is dependent on these organs, their presence is indic- 

 ative of mind; for it is not reasonable to assume that all 

 these organs are concomitant to mind in one species, and 

 not related to it in another. This is further sustained by 

 analogous feelings exhibited the dog has many emotions 

 peculiar to mind, namely, anger, affection, resentment, grat- 

 itude, jealousy, pleasure, anxiety, surprise, wonder, sympa- 



