AERIAL NAVIGATION. 



cending from Vaugirard he sailed to the Champs 

 de Mars, and, after circling the Eiffel Tower sev- 

 eral times, laid a straight course for Auteuil, 

 and thence to the maneuver grounds at Baga- 

 telle, where he safely landed. In No. 4 he im- 

 proved on No. 3 by making his balloon less 

 clumsy, 95 feet long and 9 feet in diameter, and 

 by dispensing with the suspended basket. The 

 7-horse-power motor and the other mechanism 

 was fastened directly to the keel, a long frame- 

 work of bamboo strengthened by wires, and the 

 inventor managed the machine from a bicycle seat 

 fastened to the keel. The machine was completed 

 in August, 1900, and made numerous short as- 

 cents during the Paris Exposition of 1900, nota- 

 bly on Sept. 19, in the Bois de Boulogne, in the 

 presence of the International Aeronautic Con- 

 gress. Balloon No. 5 was made by inserting into 

 No. 4 a cylindrical piece sufficient to make its 

 total length 109 feet. A 60-foot keel, framed of 

 pine and piano-wire, supported a 16-horse-power 

 motor with its appendages and a basket car for 

 the aeronaut. With it, July 12, 1901, ascending 

 from the Aero Club Park, he crossed the Seine 

 to the Longchamps race-track, took the air-ship 

 ten times around the track, and then sailed to 

 the Trocadero, and after a slight delay, caused by 

 an accident to the rudder, went round Eiffel 

 Tower, back to Longchamps, and thence across 

 the Seine to Aero Park. The following day was 

 set for an attempt for the Deutsche prize. The 

 start took place in the presence of the club mem- 

 bers at nineteen minutes to seven in the morning. 

 The Eiffel Tower was doubled at five minutes to 

 seven, but a strong current of air caught the 

 ship shortly after the turn, driving it toward 

 Longchamps, where he landed in the gardens of 

 Baron Rothschild. On Aug. 18 he made another 

 attempt, but this time his balloon collapsed and 

 the whole structure with its operator fell to the 

 roof of the Trocadero Hotel. His new machine, 

 No. 6, ellipsoidal in form and carrying a 20-horse- 

 power motor, was built upon practically the same 

 lines, and on Oct. 19, 1901, succeeded in captur- 

 ing the coveted prize. The trip from "St. Cloud 

 to the tower was made in nine minutes, and the 

 return trip, against the wind, in twenty min- 

 utes and thirty seconds. M. Deutsche's 100,000 

 francs were generously distributed by the vic- 

 tor among the poor of Paris and all the as- 

 sistants who had contributed to his success. 

 Soon after his success in Paris he was sum- 

 moned to Monte Carlo by the Prince of Mo- 

 naco, there to attempt the crossing of the Med- 

 iterranean Sea. He made a successful ascent 

 on Jan. 23, 1902, taking with him his friend M. 

 Aim6, and sailing about the bay and proceed- 

 ing more than a mile seaward. On Feb. 14, 

 while making his fifth trip across the bay the 

 guide-rope caught in the screw. With the inten- 

 tion of freeing the entangled tackle, M. Santos 

 threw his balloon into a perpendicular position, 

 whereupon the petroleum began to escape from 

 his motor. The aeronaut, fearing an explosion, 

 pulled the emergency rope, tearing a great rent 

 in the silk envelope, and the gas rapidly escaped, 

 causing Ihe balloon to descend into the sea. A 

 steam-launch belonging to the Prince of Mona- 

 co's yacht picked up M. Santos with all possi- 

 ble speed; and the disabled balloon, which did 

 not sink, was taken in tow and conveyed to land. 

 This balloon, No. 6, with some slight alterations, 

 was brought to the United States in July, 1902, 

 and was used at Brighton Beach by Mr. Edward 

 C. Boice in his ascent on Sept. 30, 1902. 



Stanley Spencer. On the afternoon of Sept. 

 19, 1902, ascending from the Crystal Palace in 



London, Mr. Stanley Spencer steered a navigable 

 balloon of his own invention over Dulwich, 

 Herne Hill, Clapham Junction, Victoria Bridge, 

 and the southwest of London to Ealing, and 

 finally to Harrow in all, a distance of about 30 

 miles, or about three times the longest distance 



MB. SPENCER ABOVE THE CRTSTAL PALACE GROrXDS. 



ever attained by Santos-Dumont. While in the 

 neighborhood of Herne Hill, Mr. Spencer caused 

 the air-ship to perform numerous evolutions 

 darting downward, as though falling to the 

 earth; suddenly arresting the descent, and again 

 rising. At Ealing, which was reached at five 

 o'clock, an hour after the start, similar maneu- 

 vers were gone through over the principal thor- 

 oughfares. The course was then altered to north- 

 east, and a safe landing was effected near Har- 

 row. The machine was at all times under perfect 

 control, and at the end of the trip alighted so 

 lightly " that a child might have been under 

 it without being hurt." This ship, built by the 

 Messrs. Spencer, differs very radically in some re- 

 spects from the Santos-Dumont type, and is de- 



