ARCHEOLOGY. (UNITED STATES.) 



17 



unanimously adopted. Resolutions were passed 

 providing for a board of trustees, to be com- 

 posed of the 6 bishops now in Japan and 6 Jap- 

 anese, chosen by the synod, to raise and hold a 

 fund for the endowment of the native episco- 

 pacy. The sum of 1,800 yen (about $900) was 

 pledged within the synod by Japanese lay dele- 

 gates for this purpose. It was decided that the 

 twentieth anniversary of the organization of the 

 ^Nippon Sei Kokwai, occurring in 1907, should be 

 commemorated by a special endeavor to raise a 

 large amount for this fund. 



The Church in the Far East. The Lord 

 Chief Justice presided over a meeting called to 

 promote more systematic and extended mission 

 work in the far East, May 6. The meeting 

 had been called by the Associations in Aid of 

 the Church of England Missions in North China, 

 Korea, and South Tokio, Japan. Mrs. Isabella 

 Bishop, who had traveled extensively in the far 

 Eastern countries, spoke, from the results of her 

 own observations, emphasizing the claims of 

 those regions on the Church of England. At 

 present that Church was taking an unworthily 

 small share in the mission work there, except in 

 the districts where the Church Missionary Soci- 

 ety was working. The destruction of the old 

 faiths in Japan by the contact with Western 

 civilization, resulting in the growth of a race of 

 agnostics, was a serious matter to face, espe- 

 cially in view of the recently formed alliance 

 between England and Japan. The Archbishop 

 of Canterbury dwelt on the vast responsibility 

 that lay on the English Church, owing to the 

 action of England in reference to China and 

 Japan. A subscription was received toward the 

 formation of a second bishopric in North China. 



The " Ethiopian " Church. A number of na- 

 tive churches which had been organized in South 

 Africa under the auspices of a bishop of the 

 African Methodist Episcopal Church, having be- 

 come dissatisfied with that connection, withdrew 

 <luring the year 1900, and applied, as the Ethiopi- 

 an Church, to be received into communion with 

 the Anglican Church. The Bishop of Grahams- 

 town commissioned the Rev. Alfred Kettle, known 

 as "Father Alfred," of the Community of St.Cuth- 

 bert, to visit the different centers of this Church 

 and prepare the members for reception into the 

 Anglican Church and for confirmation. He died 

 in November, 1900, but it then had been shown 

 that the people would be better instructed by 

 persons who had been their own ministers. In 

 May, 1901, 14 of these ministers came to Queens- 

 town to receive instruction under Father Fuller, 

 of the Cowley Brotherhood. Ten of the students 

 were confirmed in November, 1901 ; 2 had been 

 previously confirmed, and 2 had withdrawn. The 

 12 confirmed students early in 1902 began the 

 work of preparing their brethren for confirmation, 

 each of them being given a provisional cate- 

 chist's certificate. 



The West Indian Church Mission to West 

 Africa has been maintained by Cadrington Col- 

 lege, Barbados, since 1855, and is manned en- 

 tirely by men of color, partly by natives and 

 partly by men sent out from the West Indies, 

 who have been trained at Codrington College. 

 At a meeting held in London in its behalf, Bishop 

 Ingram, late of Sierra Leone, gave an account of 

 its work on the Rio Pengo, and of the interest 

 taken in it by the people of the West Indies. 



ARCHEOLOGY. United States. A pro- 

 fessorship for the study of American antiquities, 

 with an annuity of 6.000 francs for its main- 

 tenance, has been founded in the College of 

 France by the Duke of Loubat. 

 VOL. XLII. 2 A 



Evidences are discovered in increasing number 

 of the former existence of a dense population con- 

 siderably advanced in civilization in Arizona. 

 They are found in the ruins of large buildiugs 

 and of cities, some of which are estimated to 

 have had 100,000 inhabitants, and in the remains 

 of irrigation works. Traces of large irrigation 

 canals are described as being numerous in cer- 

 tain districts. One 32 miles north of Phoenix, 

 supplied from the Rio Verde, passes for nearly 

 4 miles through an artificial gorge cut to the 

 depth of 10 feet in the rock; it then divides into 

 4 branches,. 1 of which is more than 40 miles 

 long, and all together would measure 120 miles 

 in length. This system supplied a region of 

 about 1,600 square miles. These and other 

 similar works are said to have been constructed 

 with great engineering skill. The remains of the 

 walls of one of the cities, called Los Muertos, 

 may be traced for many miles; and an immense 

 quantity of burned bone dust is one of the 

 remarkable features of the site. The ruins sup- 

 pos'ed to be of another large city, on the other 

 side of Salt river, cover an area of 28 miles by 

 12; and the remains of the structures, of stone 

 and mortar, are frequently marked by the holes 

 in which the timbers were inserted. Marks have 

 been found of volcanic eruptions and of other 

 changes that have occurred since these cities were 

 inhabited and the irrigation canals were con- 

 structed, and the period is supposed to have long 

 preceded that of the cliff-dwellers. 



Dr. Henry M. Baum, president of the Records 

 of the Past Society, of Washington, D. C., has 

 affirmed that during a two months' tour among 

 the ruins of the cliff-dwellers he hardly aver- 

 aged 10 miles in any one of the cliff-dwelling dis- 

 tricts without coming across some of their habi- 

 tations, and that he saw enough dwellings to 

 accommodate 2,000,000 people. He expresses 

 himself convinced that the cliff-dwellers and the 

 mesa and valley dwellers were all of a contem- 

 poraneous civilization which dates earlier than 

 the heavy lava overflow in the southwest. " The 

 pottery, stone implements, and skulls found in 

 these three classes of ruins are all the same. It 

 is quite evident that the vast civilization of the 

 entire country was extinguished by a flow of 

 lava," of which the evidences are abundant 

 throughout the entire region. 



In the exploration of 20 mounds along the 

 shores of Perdido, Pensacola, and Choctawhatcb.ee 

 Bays and Santa Rosa Sound, on the northwest 

 coast of Florida, Mr. Clarence B. Moore observed 

 a new form of burial in which a skull alone or 

 a skull with a few bones is laid beneath an in- 

 verted vessel of earthenware. A similar method 

 of interment was practised in Georgia, where the 

 remains were cremated. The decoration of the 

 purely aboriginal earthenware recovered from the 

 mounds and cemeteries is largely symbolical, and 

 its make shows a mixture of styles, including 

 some features of the ware of the middle Mi>-i>- 

 sippi region and of that of Georgia and the Caro- 

 linas. 



Parts of the skeleton of a man found at 

 Lansing. Ivan., in March, 1902. while digging out 

 a tunnel, were the subject of a discussion at the 

 meeting of the American Congress of American- 

 ists in October. The bones, which were 20 feet 

 below the surface, were believed by some an- 

 thropologists who had examined them to be of 

 extreme antiquity. On the other hand, a state- 

 ment had been published that they were the re- 

 mains of a convict who had been buried near 

 the end of an old mining-shaft. In a paper by 

 Prof. S. W. Williston, of Chicago, this statement 



