AUSTRALIA, COMMONWEALTH OF. 



maine, 7,990; and Stawell, 5,400. The number of 

 immigrants who came by sea in 1900 was 82,157, 

 comprising 53,559 males and 28,598 females. The 

 emigration for the same year was 83,084. Since 

 the opening of the Western Australian gold-fields 

 there has been an excess of emigration, which 

 was 14,547 in 1890, 6,454 in 1897, 3,789 in 1898, 

 1,503 in 1899, and 1,427 in 1900. 



Queensland shows an annual growth in popu- 

 lation in ten years of 2.78 per cent. The popula- 

 tion on March 31, 1901. comprised 280,092 males 

 and 223,174 females. There were 9,313 Chinese, 

 including 530 females; 9,327 Polynesians, includ- 

 ing G71 females; 939 East Indians and Cingalese, 

 including 12 females; 1,557 males and 230 fe- 

 males of other colored races; and 3,862 male and 

 2,808 female aborigines, exclusive of those living 

 in a migratory or savage condition. Of the three 

 divisions of Queensland the southern contained 

 328,390, the central 63,919, and the northern 110,- 

 957 inhabitants. The number of immigrants in 

 1900 was 30,348, inclusive of 1,085 Chinese and 

 1,760 Pacific islanders; the number of emigrants 

 was 35,433, inclusive of 807 Chinese and 996 Pa- 

 cific islanders. Brisbane, the state capital, had 

 119,428 inhabitants on March 31, 1901, inclusive 

 of suburbs. Charters Towers had 20,976; Rock- 

 hampton, 19,691; Townsville, 15,506; Ipswich, 

 15,246; Gympie, 14,431; Toowoomba, 14,087; 

 Maryborough, 12,900. 



The population of South Australia showed an 

 increase for the ten years of 1.37 per cent, per 

 annum. It was composed of 184,422 males and 

 178,182 females. In the northern territory there 

 were 4,890 persons, most of them Chinese coolies, 

 and only 430 of them females. The population 

 of Adelaide, the capital, is about 100,691, inclu- 

 sive of suburbs. The immigration by sea in 1900 

 was 31,094, and emigration 30,417. 



The population of Western Australia consisted 

 of 112,094 males and 70,459 females. Perth, the 

 capital, ^contained 36,199 inhabitants; Freman- 

 tle, 20,359. The population continues to increase 

 through immigration, mainly from the older colo- 

 nies. In 1900 the number of immigrants was 

 24,921, and of emigrants 19,021, giving a net in- 

 crease of 5,900. 



The annual increase of population in Tasmania 

 between 1891 and 1901 was 1.64 per cent. The 

 population on March 31, 1901, consisted of 89,024 

 males and 82,851 females. Of the total popula- 

 tion 136,629 were born in Tasmania, 12,526 in 

 other parts of Australasia, 19,815 in Great Brit- 

 ain and Ireland, 773 in Germany, and 484 were 

 Chinese. The number of immigrants in 1900 was 

 23,056. The recorded emigration was 22,574, but 

 about 3,000 departures are believed to have been 

 unreported. Hobart had 24,654 inhabitants in 

 1901; Launceston, 18,022. 



The movements of population in the several 

 states in 1900 was as follows: 



Federal Finances. In the budget presented 

 in the House of Representatives on Oct. 8, 1901, 

 the revenue for the year ending March 31, 1902 

 wa estimated at 10.339.750. and the expendi- 

 ture at 0,339,748. The revenue from customs 

 and excise was estimated at 8,009.000, of 

 which 2.100,000 are collected on stimulants and 



narcotics and the balance from import duties of 

 three kinds fixed, ad valorem, and composite. 

 New South Wales was expected to pay 2,360,000 

 of the customs and excise duties; Victoria, 

 2,410,000; Queensland, 1,404,000; South Aus- 

 tralia, 605,000; Western Australia, 800,000; 

 and Tasmania, 370,000. The remainder of the 

 revenue is derived from the postal and defense 

 services, yielding 2,330,750. The expenditure 

 on Commonwealth services was estimated at 

 3,024,106, leaving 6,315,637 to be returned to 

 the states, which receive severally the following 

 amounts: New South Wales, 1,922,491; Vic- 

 toria, 1,902,303; Queensland, 961,131; South 

 Australia, 570,524; Western Australia, 656,- 

 958; Tasmania, 302,230. The receipts of the 

 Commonwealth for the year ending June 30, 1902, 

 were 11,304,800, of which customs and excise 

 yielded 8,908,300, postal receipts 2,378,700, 

 and miscellaneous sources 17,800. The expendi- 

 tures of the Federal Government were 3,931,300, 

 leaving 7,373,500 to be distributed among the 

 states. 



Commerce and Production. The value of 

 the foreign trade of the several states in 1900 is 

 shown in the following table: 



The area cropped in New South Wales in 1901 

 was 1.18 per cent, of the total area of the state. 

 Few farms exceed 500 acres. The number of 

 holdings on March 31, 1901, was 69,439, covering 

 46,856,577 acres which the Government had alien- 

 ated, and 128,034,958 acres occupied on pastoral 

 leases. The state allows settlers to select land 

 for 1 an acre to be paid in instalments upon to 

 640 acres in the eastern, and up to 2,560 acres 

 in the central districts. The wheat-crop of 1901 

 was 16,173,771 bushels, from 1,530,609 acres; the 

 corn-crop, 6,292,745 bushels, from 206,041 acres; 

 the potato-crop, 84,505 bushels. There were 

 2,343,138 acres cultivated. The produce of to- 

 bacco was 1,905 hundredweight; of sugar, 199,- 

 118 tons, from 22,114 acres; of wine, 891,190 gal- 

 lons, besides 11,170 gallons of brandy, from 8,441 

 acres of vineyards; of table fruits, 4,214 tons. 

 There were 14,965 acres of orange orchards. The 

 live stock in New South Wales on March 31, 



1900, comprised 39,811,991 sheep, 1,983,116 cattle, 

 481,417 horses, and 256,577 hogs. Forests cover 

 one-fourth of the state. The area of the timber 

 reserves and state forests is 5,946,355 acres. 



The gold production of New South Wales in 

 1901 was 270,724 ounces, value 921,282. The 

 quantity of silver-lead ore and metal mined in 

 1900 was 438,838 tons, valued at 2,513,874. Of 

 silver 774,203 ounces, of the value of 90,243, 

 were produced. The value of copper produced 

 was 425,301. The quantity of coal mined in 

 1900 was 5,507497 tons, valued at 1,668.911; in 



1901, 5,968,426 tons, valued at 2,178,929. The 

 wool exports in 1900 were 221,265,084 pounds, 

 valued at 8,342.612. The value of gold coin 

 exported was 5,389.822; of coal, 1.273,034; of 

 frozen and preserved meat, 829,757 ; of hides 

 and skins, 756,528; of tallow, 454,505; of 

 leather, 435,560. Of the total imports of New 

 South Wales in 1900 the value of 9,923.117 

 came from Great Britain, 11.512,685 from Aus- 

 tralasian colonies, 1.005,154 from other British 

 possessions, 2,557,901 from the United States, 



