AUSTRALIA, COMMONWEALTH OF. 



43 



.and 2,562,154 from other foreign countries. 

 The imports by land amounted to 3,480,085, and 

 exports to 5,849,139. Of the total exports, 

 18,873,488 were home products and 9,291,028 

 foreign products. 



Of the total area of Victoria the Government 

 has alienated 23,200,000 acres, leaving 6,300,000 

 immediately available for agricultural and 

 17,190,000 acres for pastoral purposes. The tim- 

 ber and water reserves, including state forests, 

 have an extent of 4,892,000 acres; auriferous 

 lands, 1,044,110 acres. The area under crops in 

 1901 was 3,925,000 acres, of which 2,017,000 acres 

 yielded 17,847,000 bushels of wheat, 502,000 acres 

 678,000 tons of hay, 363,000 acres 9,582,000 bush- 

 els of oats, 59,000 acres 1,215,000 bushels of bar- 

 ley, and 38,000 acres 123,000 tons of potatoes. 

 There were 226,000 acres of meadows, 30,000 

 acres of vineyards, and 57,000 acres of orchard 

 and garden. The gold output in 1900 was 807,407 

 ounces, valued at 3,229,628, the number of min- 

 ers employed being 29,035. In 1901 the gold pro- 

 duction was 789,562 ounces. The import duties 

 levied in Victoria average 11 J per cent. Of the 

 total value of imports in 1900 Great Britain fur- 

 nished 7,055,028, Australasian colonies 6,769,- 

 200, India 465,367, Ceylon 173,392, Canada 

 56,789, other British possessions 238,911, and 

 foreign countries 3,543,124, of which 1,461,880 

 came from the United States, 778,056 from Ger- 

 many, 392,563 from Java and the Philippine Is- 

 lands, 239,783 from Sweden and Norway, 207,- 

 783 from France, 198,631 from Belgium, 84,- 

 202 from China, and 180,226 from other coun- 

 tries. Of the total value of exports Great Britain 

 took 6,363,685, Australasia 5,703,810, India 

 1,256,100, Ceylon 575,874, Canada 11,000, 

 other British possessions 1,462,423, and foreign 

 countries 2,060,649, of which 730,765 went to 

 France, 328,763 to Germany, 203,245 to Bel- 

 gium, 120,138 to the United States, 107,424 to 

 China, 47,493 to Java and the Philippines, and 

 522,821 to other countries. The imports of 

 wool in 1900 were 1,927,677 in value; of cotton 

 goods, 1,044,523; of woolen goods, 707,458; 

 of iron and steel, 935,768; of live stock, 897,- 

 904; of sugar, 696,942; of lumber, 569,173; of 

 coal, 403,723; of silk goods, 375,258; of tea, 

 376,960; of oils, 310,178; of all other goods, 

 10,126,909. The exports of wool were 4,217,- 

 018 in value; of gold coin and bullion, 4,132,- 

 061; of butter, 1,489,935; of grain and flour, 

 1,489,935, the wheat export being 892,480; of 

 live stock, 705,619; of frozen meat, 441,451; 

 of hides, skins, and furs, 300,673; of leather 

 ami harness, 344.729; of clothing, 179,799; of 

 tallow, 174,985; of sugar, 118,964; of tea, 

 148,729; of all other goods, 3,765,505. The 

 quantity of wool exported, one-fifth coming from 

 other parts of Australia, was 102,205,965 pounds. 



In Queensland the Government still owns 411,- 

 928,560 acres, or 97 per cent, of the area of the 

 state, having alienated 13,323.524 acres outright 

 and 2,585,996 acres conditionally on the payment 

 of instalments. Government lands can be pur- 

 chased free from conditions of residence or im- 

 provement on the payment of 13s. 6d. an acre 

 in 20 annual instalments, or, with such condi- 

 tions, in homesteads of 160 acres for 2s. 6d. an 

 acre, payable in 10 instalments. It is also possi- 

 ble to lease agricultural land for twenty years 

 tip to 1,280 acres with the privilege of purchase, 

 the annual rent of 2J per cent, of the purchase 

 price going toward the payment, and grazing 

 farms of '20,000 acres or less can be leased for 

 fourteen, twenty-one, or twenty-eight years, the 

 smallest rent being Id. an acre per annum. Half 



the surface of the state is forest. Scrub lands can 

 be leased for thirty years at d. an acre on condi- 

 tion that the squatter clear and fence his run. 

 Squatters already occupy 225,000,000 acres of the 

 public domain, 'ihe live stock in 1900" consisted of 

 456,788 horses, 4,078,191 cattle, 10,339,185 sheep, 

 and 122,187 pigs. There were 2,456,647 bushels of 

 corn harvested from 127,974 acres and 1,194,088 

 bushels of wheat from 79,304 acres. The area 

 under sugar-cane was 108,535 acres, yielding 

 92,554 tons of raw sugar. The output of coal in 

 1900 was 497,132 tons, valued at 173,705. The 

 production of gold was 963,189 ounces, value 

 2,871,709; of tin, 1,123 tons, value, 74-,041 ; of 

 copper, 384 tons, value 23,040; of silver, 112,990 

 ounces, value 12,712. Lead, bismuth, wolfram, 

 manganese, molybdenite, and antimony are 

 mined also, and opals and other precious stones. 

 The importation of textiles and clothing in 1900 

 was 1,435,372; of metals and metal manufac- 

 tures, 1,257,933. Of the total imports 3,100,- 

 706 came from Great Britain, 3,101,086 from 

 Australasian colonies, 357,124 from the United 

 States, 185,262 from British possessions out- 

 side of Australasia, and 439,934 from other 

 countries. Of the exports 5,488,128 went to 

 Australasian colonies, 3,271,656 to Great Brit- 

 ain, 453,598 to British possessions, 2,596 to 

 the United States, and 365,604 to other coun- 

 tries. 



The area of South Australia is 578,361,600 

 acres, and only 7,344,740 acres had become pri- 

 vate property up to Jan. 1, 1901. Freeholds and 

 leaseholds together amounted to 93,383,621 acres. 

 There were 3,279,406 acres under crops in 1901, 

 of which 1,913,247 acres produced 11,253,148 

 bushels of wheat. Orchards occupied 16,001 

 acres; vineyards, 20,158 acres. The quantity of 

 wine made was 1,388,847 gallons, of which 476,- 

 646 gallons were exported. The live stock con- 

 sisted in 1900 of 166,790 horses, 214,761 cattle, 

 and 5,235,220 sheep, exclusive of the northern 

 territory, where there were 12,562 horses, 257,667 

 cattle, and 48,027 sheep. The value of copper 

 exported in 1900 was 371,920; of -copper ore, 

 22,526. The total mineral product was valued 

 at 431,289. The exports of wool were valued 

 at 1,003,391; of wheat, 492,394; of wheat 

 flour, 344,724. Of the total imports 4,174,369 

 in value came from Australasian colonies, 2,- 

 397,684 from Great Britain, 326,968 from other 

 British countries, 406,461 from the United 

 States, and 729,070 from other foreign countries. 

 Of the total exports 3,917,143 went to Aus- 

 tralasian colonies, 2,325,519 to Great Britain, 

 754,501 to other British countries, 1,953 to 

 the United States, and 1,030,041 to other for- 

 eign countries. 



Agriculture has made rapid progress in West- 

 ern Australia, yet only 201,946 acres, out of a 

 total area of 624,500,000 acres were in cultivation 

 in 1900. In 1901 there were 74,130 acres under 

 wheat, 8,460 under barley and oats, and 104,104 

 acres in grass. The area alienated in 1900 \vas 

 48,957 acres, making altogether 6.619,284 acres in 

 the hands of private owners. Grapes for wine 

 and table were planted on 3,245 acres. The live 

 stock in 1901 consisted of 68,231 horses, 338,665 

 cattle, and 2.431,861 sheep. There were 2,561 

 leases of gold-mines in 1900. The number of 

 miners employed was 16,080. The gold output 

 was 1,580,950 'ounces, value 6.007,610. The pro- 

 duction of copper was 249 tons and of concen- 

 trated copper ore. 846 tons, together valued at 

 33,937. From 103 tin-mines were obtained 670 

 tons of ore and 142 tons of ingots, total value 

 57,050. There are 71 coal-mines operated. The 



