AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. 



tria-Hungary in 1892. A stock of gold was 

 accumulated by the Austrian and Hungarian 

 governments, and the amount of gold coined 

 has been considerable. In 1900 only 6,672,000 

 crowns of gold coins were struck at the Austrian 

 mint, which turned out 46,368,000 crown pieces 

 in silver. The Hungarian mint in the same year 

 coined 10,970,000 "crowns in gold and 19,200,000 

 crowns in silver. 



The Army. The common army consists of 15 

 army corps, composed, with some exceptions, 

 each one of 2 divisions of 2 brigades of infantry, 

 1 brigade of cavalry, 1 brigade of artillery, and 

 1 section of train. There are 62 brigades of in- 

 fantry and 8 brigades of rifles; 5 cavalry divi- 

 sions, with 18 brigades of cavalry; and 14 bri- 

 gades of artillery, and 14 mountain-batteries. 

 The 102 regiments of infantry are drawn from as 

 many recruiting districts, in addition to which 

 the Tyrol and Vorarlberg furnish 4 regiments of 

 Tyrolian jagers, 3 districts of the Adriatic lit- 

 toral furnish marine troops, and 4 districts of 

 Bosnia and Herzegovina furnish regiments which 

 are incorporated in the Austro-Hungarian army. 

 The infantry have the Mannlicher rifle of the 

 model of 1895, of 8-millimeter caliber, with a 

 magazine holding 5 cartridges. The cavalry, con- 

 sisting of 15 regiments of dragoons, 16 regiments 

 of hussars, and 11 regiments of uhlans, are armed 

 with sabers and repeating carbines. The field- 

 artillery, consisting of 14 regiments of corps and 

 42 regiments of divisional artillery, have guns of 

 tempered bronze, those of the field-batteries hav- 

 ing a caliber of 9 centimeters, the mountain guns 

 a caliber of 7 centimeters. The peace effective 

 for 1901 of the common army was 3,597 superior 

 and staff officers, with 2,736 men; 1,697 officers 

 and 7,153 men attached to the military establish- 

 ments; 9,428 officers and 161,602 men in the in- 

 fantry of the line; 1,019 officers and 16,536 men 

 in the Tyrolian jagers and rifle battalions, 1,890 

 officers and 45,906 men in the cavalry; 1,647 offi- 

 cers and 25,586 men in the field-artillery; 422 

 officers and 7,786 men in the fortress-artillery, or- 

 ganized in 6 regiments and 3 separate battal- 

 ions; 495 officers and 8,445 men in the pioneers, 

 of which there are 15 battalions; 89 'officers and 

 1.490 men forming 1 regiment of 12 companies of 

 railroad and telegraph troops; 79 officers and 

 2,964 men in the hospital corps; 417 officers and 

 3,309 men in the train; 584 officers and 9,935 

 men attached to the depots; 2,415 officers and 

 20.996 men forming 38 infantry regiments, and 

 246 officers and 4,231 men forming 6 cavalry 

 regiments and 3 squadrons of Austrian Land- 

 wYhr total, 2,661 officers and 25,068 men; and 

 2,239 officers and 20,996 men forming 28 infantry 

 regiments and 390 officers and 4.231 men forming 

 10 cavalry regiments of Hungarian Honved 

 total, 2,629 officers and 25,927 men. Total peace 

 strength, 26,070 officers and 333,808 men, with 

 63,424 horses and 1,048 guns. The annual con- 

 tingent of recruits for the common army is 103,- 

 100 men; for the Austrian Landwehr, 10,000 

 men; for the Hungarian Honved, 12,500 men. 

 The Landwehr and Honved, in which the period 

 of service is twelve years, are called out for in- 

 struction only. The term of active service is 

 three years in the common army and seven years 

 more in its reserve. In addition to the recruits 

 taken for active service both the common army 

 and the separate national armies have lists of 

 substitutes or Ersatz troops who can be called 

 out to fill any vacancies that occur. All who 

 are not drawn for service either in the common 

 army or in the Austrian or Hungarian national 

 army or are not inscribed in the Ersatz reserves 



are enrolled in the Landsturm and may be called 

 out by the Emperor-King's order to fill gaps in 

 either the common army or the national Land- 

 wehr of their own country, but Austrians may 

 not be ordered to fight beyond the frontiers of 

 Austria nor Hungarians outside of Hungary 

 without a special legislative act of their Parlia- 

 ment. 



The Navy. The Austro-Hungarian navy is 

 small, being designed principally for the defense 

 of the Adriatic seaboard; but it is kept in a 

 high state of efficiency. The Custoza, Erzherzog 

 Albrecht, and Tegetthoff, of 5,900 to 7,400 tons, 

 engined to steam 14 knots, are iron-clad battle- 

 ships, with broadside batteries, built between 

 1872 and 1878, which have been refitted and re- 

 armed with powerful batteries of 11-inch, 10-inch, 

 9.i-inch, and smaller guns. Kaiser Max, Don 

 Juan de Austria, and Prinz Eugen, of 3,600 tons, 

 dating from the same period, have a heavy 

 armament, and are good for coast defense, but 

 too -slow and not sufficiently protected to figure 

 in the line of battle. The turret-ship Erzherzog 

 Rudolf, of 6,900 tons and 12-inch armor, having 

 a speed of 16 knots, and armed with 3 12-inch, 

 6 4|-inch, and 2 2|-inch guns, was built in 1887 ; 

 and in the same year was turned out the Erzher- 

 zogin Stefanie, of 5,100 tons, with 9-inch armor, 

 carrying 2 12-inch, 6 6-inch, and 2 2|-inch guns, 

 and having a speed of 17 knots. The Monarch, 

 Wien, and Budapest, of 5,600 tons, with 10.6 

 inches of Harvey armor, engines of 8,000 horse- 

 power making 17 knots, 4 9.4-inch guns in their 

 fore and aft turrets, 6 5.9-inch quick-firers in 

 casemates, and 14 If-inch quick-firers, were 

 launched in 1895 and 1896. Of the same type 

 improved are the more powerful Habsburg, 

 Arpad, and Babenburg, launched in 1900, 1901, 

 and 1902, having a displacement of 8,300 tons, 

 8.6 inches of Krupp armor, engines of 11.000 

 horse-power, and a main armament of 3 9.4-inch 

 guns in turrets and 12 6-inch guns in casemates. 

 Three new battle-ships have been begun which 

 will have a displacement of 10,000 tons, 10 inches 

 of armor, engines of 14,000 horse-power, and an 

 armament of 3 11-inch and 14 6-inch guns. The 

 armored cruiser Maria Theresa, launched in 1893, 

 of 5,200 tons displacement, has a belt of 4-inch 

 armor, engines of 9,000 horse-power capable of 

 steaming 19 knots, and an armament of 2 9J-inch 

 and 6 6-inch breech-loaders and 11 quick-firers. 

 Of improved design is the Kaiser Karl VI, 

 launched in 1900, displacing 6,100 tons, protected 

 with 10.6-inch plates, having engines of 12,000 

 horse-power capable of making 20 knots, and 

 armed with 2 9.4-inch guns and 8 5.9-inch quick- 

 firers. Greater speed, dirigibility, cruising radius, 

 and weight and energy of fire are to be attained 

 in a cruiser of 7,400 tons which will have 8.7-inch 

 armor and engines of 12,300 horse-power, and be- 

 sides the fore and aft guns will carry 10 6-inch 

 quick-firers. The protected cruisers Kaisniii 

 Elisabeth and Kaiser Franz Josef I, launched in 

 1890, can make 19 knots with engines of 9.000 

 horse-power, and carry also the 2 9.4-inch breech- 

 loaders, with 6 6-inch quick-firers. There are 6 

 protected cruisers of earlier construction, 4 coast- 

 guards, 12 torpedo-gunboats, 4 monitors on the 

 Danube, and a formidable flotilla of torpedo- 

 boats, consisting of 32 of the first. 31 of the sec- 

 ond, and 8 of the third class. The personnel of 

 the navy in 1901 consisted of 563 officers, 180 

 cadets, 15 paymasters, 62 surgeons, 157 engineers, 

 94 mechanics, 173 employees, and about 8,000 

 sailors. 



Commerce and Production. The special im- 

 ports into the Austro-Hungarian customs terri- 



