60 



AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. 



ture, 20,593,597 crowns for Hungarian pensions, 

 260,989,781 crowns for the national debt, 27,356,- 

 467 crowns for debts of guaranteed railroads as- 

 sumed by the state, 156,896 crowns for guaran- 

 teed railroad interest, 8,681,409 crowns for loans 

 chargeable to separate departments of Govern- 

 ment, 16,540,741 crowns for the administration 

 of Croatia-Slavonia, 335,640 crowns for the Ac- 

 countant-General's office; 563,962 crowns for the 

 administration of courts, 1,026,720 crowns for 

 the minister-presidency, 144,632 crowns for the 

 Mini-try '/// lutus, 93,360 crowns for the Ministry 

 of Croatia-Slavonia, 42,783,046 crowns for the 

 Ministry of the Interior, 177,342,111 crowns for 

 the Ministry of Finance, 194,695,480 crowns for 

 the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, 46,156,- 

 457 crowns for the Ministry of Agriculture, 34,- 

 878,386 crowns for the Ministry of Public Wor- 

 ship and Instruction, 36,379,523 crowns for the 

 Ministry of Justice, and 37,791,890 crowns for the 

 Ministry of National Defense. 



The national debt of Hungary amounted at 

 the end of 1901 to 5,186,323,000 crowns, of which 

 2,284,580,000 crowns were consolidated debt, 

 2,174,802,000 crowns annuities, 23,263,000 crowns 

 treasury bonds, 168,446,000 crowns debts of vari- 

 ous ministries, and 535,232,000 crowns arrears 

 outstanding. 



Politics and Legislation. Whereas under 

 the former ministries commerce and industry 

 were nourished at the expense of the agricultur- 

 ists, the amalgamation of the old National party 

 with the Liberals under Szell has so strengthened 

 the Agrarian element in the present Ministerial 

 party that everything must bend to the agricul- 

 tural interests. Minister Hegediis was unable to 

 accomplish any of his plans for the advance- 

 ment of commerce, except such measures as were 

 apparently prejudicial to the expansion of trade, 

 such as one restricting commercial agents. He 

 lost the confidence of commercial and manufac- 

 turing circles when he was obliged to shelve all 

 his promised reforms, and when he ascribed his 

 failure to the opposition of the Agrarians he 

 drew their wrath upon himself. On Feb. 27, 1902, 

 he gave in his resignation. The former chief of 

 the National party, Horansky, was appointed his 

 successor. The new Minister of Commerce died 

 before he could show his ability, and for some 

 weeks the different groups of the Liberals strug- 

 gled for the portfolio. The Prime Minister found 

 a solution by conferring it on one of the Dissi- 

 dent Liberals, Prof. Luuwig Lang, who accepted 

 on May 9. In March an arrangement was made 

 by the Minister of Finance, sanctioned by Par- 

 liament on April 9, for the conversion of the 

 1,100,000,000 crowns of 4 per cent. Hungarian 

 bonds into 4 per cent, rentes, which was effected 

 by the agency of the Vienna Rothschilds and 

 Berlin bankers. The Pan-Germanic movement 

 among the Swabians or Saxons of Hungary dis- 

 tressed and alarmed the Hungarian patriots be- 

 cause in the movement for unification and con- 

 formity while the Roumanians were rebellious 

 and the Croatian* stickled for their nationality 

 and conformity, the Germans stood by the Mag- 

 yars. The disaffection of the Germans was re- 

 garded as factitious, incited by agitators paid by 

 the Pan-Germanic League, some of whom came 

 from Germany. The ministry has adopted meas- 

 ures for regulating and restricting emigration. 

 A new law forbids any Hungarians to emigrate 

 Jo long as duties to the state, including military 

 service, and family obligations remain unful- 

 Kmigrntion agencies and transportation 

 companies will be under strict control, and mis- 

 leading statements or advertisements designed 



to induce persons to emigrate will entail severe 

 punishment. The Croatians, who oppose any ex- 

 ercise of Hungarian dominion over their little 

 country, which they would enlarge by the ab- 

 sorption of Bosnia and Herzegovina and a union 

 with Dalrnatia, are so divided by differences in 

 religion that their national patriotism is stulti- 

 fied by internal discord. The dream of a greater 

 Servia embraces Croatia and Slavonia, Dalmatia, 

 and the Servian districts of southern Hungary,, 

 as well as the occupied provinces, Montenegro, 

 Novi Bazar, northern Albania, and a large slice 

 of Macedonia. The Catholics of Croatia alone 

 call themselves Croatians, while the Oriental 

 Orthodox are content to be called Servians. The 

 newspaper organ of this latter party reproduced 

 from a Belgrade journal an article ridiculing a 

 message from a Croatian society to the Emperor 

 Franz Josef in which he was addressed as King 

 of Croatia. The effect of this publication was 

 the wrecking of the newspaper office, the Servian 

 bank, and all stores and places of business be- 

 longing to Orthodox citizens of Agram. The 

 police used their swords without being able to 

 quell the riot. The military were called out, and 

 when order was restored after two days over 

 100 persons were found to be seriously injured. 

 Similar disturbances occurred in other towns, 

 and at night on Sept. 2 the mob, reenforced by 

 a large number of peasants, attempted to lynch 

 an officer of Servian nationality. On the follow- 

 ing day martial law was proclaimed in Agram. 

 The Catholic Croatians aspire to be a separate 

 kingdom under the Hapsburg monarchy, and a 

 party of the Dalmatians would amalgamate 

 their province with an independent Croatian na- 

 tion, as was proposed by the Opposition in the 

 Dalmatian Diet. The Orthodox Greek Croatians 

 detest the Magyars even more heartily than do 

 the Catholics, but they would cast their fortunes 

 with greater Servia. The Servians deny to the 

 Croatians a distinct nationality and decry the 

 servile ambition that would be content with for- 

 eign rule, while the Croatians describe the Ser- 

 vians as merely a degenerate and schismatic off- 

 shoot of their race. Even after the military 

 held strict watch over Agram and the passion of 

 the mob subsided the animosity provoked among 

 this excitable people by a newspaper diatribe, in 

 which the keenest thrust was the denial of a 

 future for the Croatian nation, lingered and had 

 serious results. The Servians, who have a large 

 part of the local trade, were systematically boy- 

 cotted, and Servians in the employ of Croatians 

 were dismissed. 



Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Turkish 

 vilayets of Bosnia and Herzegovina were taken 

 under the military occupation and civil adminis- 

 tration of the Austro-Hungarian Government by 

 the authorization of the Congress of Berlin 

 which framed the treaty of July 13, 1878. The 

 Christian population of the sanjak of Novibazar 

 is protected by Austro-Hungarian troops, while 

 the civil administration is Turkish. The reve- 

 nue for 1902 was estimated at 44,846,281 crowns, 

 the expenditure at 44,582,296 crowns, not includ- 

 ing the expenses of the military occupation, 

 which are borne by the Austro-Hungarian Gov- 

 ernment. The population in 1895 consisted of 

 <>73,246 Oriental Orthodox Christians. 548,632 

 Mohammedans, 334.142 Roman Catholics, 8,213 

 Jews, 3,596 Evangelicals, and 263 others. Sara- 

 jevo, the capital, had 38,083 inhabitants. Of the 

 population 88 per cent, are dependent on agricul- 

 ture, growing corn, wheat, and other cereals, 

 potatoes, sugar-beets, flax, and hemp. Forests 

 cover 45 per cent, of the surface. Prunes and 



