CANADA, DOMINION OF. 



93 



sional boundary-line. So we have at all the 

 passes where travel is possible, a fixed provi- 

 sional boundary-line, and there can be no diffi- 

 culty about administration." 



The Prime Minister, on May 6, in connection 

 with a question asked by Mr. E. G. Prior, said 

 that the point of difference between the Amer- 

 ican and the Canadian governments was, as to 

 where the Portland channel referred to in the 

 Anglo-Russian treaty really is. " They want to 

 make it run up Observatory inlet, and then to 

 the west, making out that Observatory inlet is 

 only a small inlet running into the interior. We, 

 on the other hand, contend that Portland chan- 

 nel is as it is described on the map of Vancouver, 

 on which the treaty of 1825 seems to have been 

 based, namely, all that channel of water which 

 runs west of Pearse island." 



The Fourth Census. Details of the Domin- 

 ion census taken in 1901, under the auspices of 

 Archibald Blue and Thomas Cote, were pub- 

 lished in 1902. The population of Canada, which 

 numbered 3,635,024 in 1.871, 4,324,810 in 1881, and 

 4,833,239 in 1891, was announced as being 5,369,- 

 262 in 1901. The only province that showed a 

 decrease was Prince Edward Island from 109,- 

 78 to 103,259. The largest numerical increase 

 was in Quebec, which rose from 1,488,535 to 

 1,648,898; the largest proportional increase was 

 in the Northwest Territories and Yukon, which 

 had grown from 98,967 to 211,649. Ontario in- 

 creased slightly, from 2,114,321 to 2,182,947; 

 Nova Scotia, from 450,396 to 459,574; New 

 Brunswick, from 321,263 to 331,120. Manitoba 

 grew from 152,506 to 254,947, and British Colum- 

 bia from 98,173 to 177,272. The increase in city 

 and town population was marked all over the 

 country. In 1891 the rural districts had 3,296,- 

 141 inhabitants, and in 1901 3,349,065, while 

 the urban growth was from 1,537,098 to 2,020,601. 

 It was distributed as follows: 



According to religions or sects there were 142 

 divisions recorded and classified. Only 5 had 

 more than 100,000. The population showed a 

 total of 2,460,471 males in 1891 and 2.372,768 

 females, while in 1901 there were 2,751,473 males 

 and 2,619,578 females. 



Immigration. The immigration arrivals in 

 Canada for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1902, 

 were 26,388 from the United States; 17.259 from 

 the British Isles; 6,870 from Austria, including 

 Galicia; 3,759 from Russia and Finland; 2,451 

 from Scandinavia: 1,048 from Germany; 1,048 

 from Hungary; 654 from France and Belgium; 

 from miscellaneous nations 7,902; and constituted 

 a total of 67,379. The figures showed an increase 

 of 18,230 over the previous year, made up as fol- 

 lows: Britain, 5,449; United States, 8,401; Conti- 

 nent of Europe, 4,380. 



Militia and Defense. According to figures 

 furnished the Minister of Militia and Defense for 

 his annual report dated March 12, 1902, and 

 supplied by Col. Lord Aylmer, adjutant-general, 

 the regimental establishment of the active mili- 

 tia Dec. 31, 1901, was 38,090 officers, non-com- 



missioned officers, and men; the number ordered 

 to drill during the year was 35,437; and the 

 total number trained or partly trained wa* 

 30,262. The number of officers and rrien par- 

 ticipating in the royal review by the Duke of 

 Cornwall and York at Quebec was 3,546; at 

 Toronto, 10,801; at Halifax, 3,766. The total 

 appropriation for militia services in the year end- 

 ing June 30, 1901, was $3,097,752, with pensions 

 for the Northwest rebellion, the Fenian raids, and 

 the troubles of 1837 amounting to $21,240 addi- 

 tional. The total revenue was $85,470, which in- 

 cluded $22,035 from the Royal Military College 

 at Kingston. 



Canada and the South African War. The 

 number of troops supplied by the Dominion to 

 aid in the extension of the empire in South 

 Africa was 8,000, and the losses in killed and 

 wounded and by disease were 377. The expendi- 

 ture by the Canadian Parliament was $2.000,000, 

 and the amount expended by the British War 

 Office in the purchase of Canadian food supplies, 

 etc., was $7,500,000. The terms of peace were 

 signed on May 31, 1902, but on March 31 oc- 

 curred one of the bravest actions of the war. 

 At Kleinhardts Lieut. Carruthers, of Kingston, 

 Ontario, was in command of a small Canadian 

 rear-guard, and, though attacked on three sides 

 by an enemy of at least 500 in number and by a 

 heavy rifle and shell fire, he held his ground 

 until 17 of his 21 men were killed or wounded 

 and their ammunition was exhausted. This little 

 action saved the day and brought a flood of con- 

 gratulatory telegrams and British praises to Can- 

 ada. Lord Roberts cabled to the Governor-Gen- 

 eral his appreciation of the " splendid stand " of 

 the Canadian Mounted Rifles, and Mr. Chamber- 

 lain declared that they had maintained the 

 " splendid traditions of Canadian valor." 



Conference of Boards of Trade. This was 

 held in the Parliament buildings at Toronto on 

 June 4-6. It met under the auspices and initia- 

 tive of the Toronto Board of Trade and its offi- 

 cers Mr. A. E. Ames, President; Messrs. J. F. 

 Ellis and J. D. Allen, Vice- Presidents ; and Mr. 

 Paul Jarvis, Secretary. President Ames was se- 

 lected as chairman, and Mr. Jarvis was appointed 

 secretary of the conference. In his opening ad- 

 dress Mr. Ames referred briefly to the elements of 

 supremacy and success that existed within the 

 British Empire. " It remains, in order that the 

 position of the empire shall be maintained and ad- 

 vanced, that the elements of prosperity, which are 

 all available in large measure, shall be recognized, 

 shall be studied, and shall be safeguarded, and 

 that there shall be intelligent cooperation among 

 the countries interested. I believe no one expects 

 that the delegates have come to this conference 

 with the idea of trying to turn things upside 

 down and trying to have employed any but 

 methods of natural evolution. I take it, how- 

 ever, that the coming together of such an influ- 

 ential body means that you consider that the best 

 method of dealing with problems is not to shirk 

 their discussion, and that nowadays it does not 

 do to drift. I think there is also, underlying 

 this assemblage, the feeling that the brightest 

 day which the British Empire can have will be 

 when Great Britain and the other self-governing 

 countries of the empire all combine in realizing ' 

 that united, in every sense, they stand; and di- 

 vided, in any sense, they fall." 



After prolonged and important discussion, 

 resolutions were passed in favor of cheaper news- 

 paper rates between Canada and Great Britain; 

 of the removal of the British embargo upon 

 Canadian live cattle; of the extension of the Pa- 



