CANADA, DOMINION OP. 



CARNEGIE INSTITUTION. 



95 



The noteworthy increase in Canadian exports to 

 Great Britain and the United States since 1897 

 is shown in the increase of the former from 

 $69,533,852 to $109,348,245, and of the latter 

 from $39,717,057 to $60,566,835. Similarly, im- 

 ports increased $20,000,000 in amount from Great 

 Britain and $63,000,000 from the United States. 



Shipping. Canada stands eighth in the .point 

 of ownership of vessel tonnage among the na- 

 tions of the earth, leading Spain, Sweden, Hol- 

 land, Denmark, Greece, Japan, Turkey, and other 

 countries. Great Britain heads the list, the Uni- 

 ted States being second, then Germany, Norway, 

 France, Italy, Russia, and Canada. The marine 

 departmental report for 1901 showed that the 

 total number of vessels remaining on the register 

 books of the Dominion Dec. 30, 1901, including 

 old and new vessels, sailing vessels, steamers, and 

 barges, was 6,792, measuring 664,483 tons register 

 tonnage an increase of 57 vessels and an in- 

 crease of 4,949 tons register compared with 1900. 

 The number of steamers on the registry books on 

 the same date was 2,177, with a gross tonnage 

 of 297,421 tons. The number of new vessels 

 built and registered in the Dominion of Canada 

 in 1901 was 335, measuring 34,481 tons register 

 tonnage. 



Fisheries. The export of fish from the Do- 

 minion in 1900 amounted to $10,720,352. The 

 total value produced, as shown by the annual re- 

 port of the Fisheries Department for 1901, was 

 $21,557,639, a decrease of $334,067 from the pre- 

 vious year. Divided among the provinces, the 

 production was as follows: Nova Scotia, $7,809,- 

 152; British Columbia, $4,878,820; New Bruns- 

 wick, $3,769,742; Quebec, $1,989,279; Ontario, 

 $1,330,294; Prince Edward Island, $1,059,193; 

 Manitoba and the territories, $718,159. Salmon 

 led in the list of the value of fish taken, the fig- 

 ures being $3,893,217, cod being set down for 

 $3,614,775, lobsters for $3,055,350, herring for 

 $1,853,237, and mackerel for $1,549,448. None of 

 the other fish reached the million-dollar mark. 

 In the halibut fishery on the Pacific coast a 

 growth in value of $130,000 was noted in a total 

 of $405,963. The capital invested in the indus- 

 try was $10,990,125. The lobster plant was val- 

 ued at $1,419,100, while the British Columbia 

 salmon industry was credited with establish- 

 ments valued at $1,420,000. Altogether, about 

 80,000 men were employed, at least for a part 

 of their time, in the work of the fisheries, and 

 made use of 1,200 schooners, 38,930 boats, and 

 6,295,000 fathoms of net. The total expenditure 

 by the* Marine and Fisheries Department for the 

 fiscal year ending June 30, 1901, amounted to 

 $1,527,830.53. The expenditure for maintenance 

 of lighthouse and coast service amounted to 

 $505,436.08; construction, $73,376.08; total, $578,- 

 812.72; while for the previous year the expendi- 

 ture for lighthouse and coast service, including 

 construction, was $516,494.40, showing an in- 

 crease of expenditure of $62,318. 



Mines. According to the Geological Survey 

 report for 1901, the production of metallic miner- 

 als included : Copper, to the extent of $6,600,104 ; 

 gold from the Yukon, $18,000,000; gold (all other), 

 $6,462,222; iron ore, $762,284; pig iron from Ca- 

 nadian ore, $1,212,113; lead, $2,199,784; nickel, 

 $4,594,523; silver, $2,993,668; a total of $42,- 

 824,698. 



In non-metallic minerals the production in- 

 cluded actinolite to the value of $3,126; arsenic, 

 $41,676; asbestos and asbestic, $1,186,434; chro- 

 mite (exports), $25,444; coal, $14,671,122; coke, 

 $1,264.360; corundum, $53,115; feldspar, $4,710; 

 fire-clay, $5,920; graphite, $28,880; grindstones, 



$55,690; gypsum, $340,148; limestone, $183,102; 

 manganese ore (exports), $4,820; mica, $160,000; 

 baryta, $3,842; ochers, $10,735;. mineral water, 

 $100,000; molding sand, $29.240; natural gas, 

 $312,359; peat, $600; petroleum. $953,415; py- 

 rites, $113,044; salt, $202,328; talc, $842; cement 

 (natural rock), $94,415; cement (Portland), 

 $535,615; granite, $155,000; pottery, $200,000; 

 sands and gravels (exports), $117,465; sewer-pipe, 

 $250,115; slate, $9,980; terra-cotta, pressed brick, 

 etc., $278,671; building material, $4,820,000. The 

 total structural materials and clay products was 

 $6,461,261, and the total of all other non-metallic 

 minerals was $19,821,072. 



Agriculture. The value of some Canadian 

 farm-products exported in 1901 showed a phenom- 

 enal increase in volume when compared with 

 1896, such as peas, which had risen from $1,299,- 

 491 in the latter year to $2,674,712 in 1901; flour, 

 which had risen from $718,433 in 1896 to $4,015,- 

 226 last year; and oats, which in 1896 amounted 

 to $273,861, had risen in 1901 to $2,490,521. In 

 the butter trade the value of the exports in 1901 

 was $3,295,603, having increased from $1,052,089 

 in 1890; while from the port of Montreal alone 

 the number of packages carried in cold storage 

 increased from 227,803 in 1900 to 410,893 in 1901. 

 Canadian butter won a better relative place in 

 the markets of the United Kingdom than it had 

 occupied at any previous period. The bacon trade 

 also manifested phenomenal progress. In 1896 

 the value of the exports of pork, bacon, hams, 

 etc., was only $4,440,884, whereas at the close of 

 the last fiscal year it had risen to $11,829,820. In 

 cheese, while in 1890 the exports were valued 

 at $13,953,571, in 1900 they exceeded $19,800,000, 

 and in 1901 reached $20,090,951. 



Criminal Statistics. The increase of lunacy 

 was 22.70 per cent, in 1901 over the number of 

 cases in 1891, while the population increased but 

 11.70 per cent. Generally speaking, the country 

 underwent a moral improvement. There was a 

 decrease in crime in Prince Edward Island, New 

 Brunswick, Manitoba, Ontario, the Yukon, and 

 British Columbia ; the territories showed an in- 

 creased ratio, while Nova Scotia and Quebec 

 showed a small increase. The report of urban 

 crime showed a proportion of 29.80 in every 

 10,000 inhabitants; the rural, 2.35 in every 10,000. 

 The returns by occupation showed that convic- 

 tions in the agricultural, commercial, domestic, 

 professional, and laboring classes had decreased. 

 The industrial class only had not improved. Eng- 

 land supplied 0.35 per cent, of the persons con- 

 victed; Ireland, 2.9 per cent.; Scotland, 1.07 per 

 cent.; Canada, 72.01 percent.; the United States, 

 4.04 per cent.; other foreign countries, 10 per 

 cent.; other British possessions, 13 per cent. 



Liquor Statistics. The Dominion revenue 

 from excise in the year ending June 30, 1902, 

 was $11,257,485, against $10,423,805 in 1901 and 

 $7,916,483 in 1898. Of the total in 1902, spirits 

 amounted to $5,620,613, malt to $1,077,809, to- 

 bacco to $3,563,578, and cigars $897,360. The 

 quantity of spirits produced during the year was 

 3,234,147 proof gallons, against 2,652.708 in 1901. 

 The consumption of spirits per head was 0.796 

 gallon, compared with 0.765 in 1901, 0.701 in 1900, 

 and 0.740 in 1893. Then there was an export of 

 151,799 proof gallons, against 87,471 in 1898. 



CARNEGIE INSTITUTION. On Jan. 28, 

 1902, Andrew Carnegie gave an endowment fund 

 of $10,000,000 to the Carnegie Institution. This 

 institution was incorporated on Jan. 4, 1902, " to 

 conduct, endow, and assist investigation in any 

 department of science, literature, or art, and to 

 this end to cooperate with governments, universi- 



