CHINA. 



Ill 



taels, and that of domestic exports &t 195,784,832 

 taels; imports in 1900 at 211,070,422 taels, and 

 exports at 158,996,752 taels. These figures do 

 not represent the entire foreign commerce of 

 China because a great deal of merchandise is 

 transported in native vessels which are not sub- 

 ject to the control of the Maritime Customs. The 

 imports of cotton cloth in 1900 was 45,419,000 

 taels in value; of opium, 31,031,000 taels; of cot- 

 ton yarns, 30,187,000 taels; of petroleum, 13,956,- 

 000 taels; of rice, 11,377,000 taels; of sugar, 

 6,424,000 taels; of coal, 6,338,000 taels; of iron, 

 3,455,000 taels; of fishery products, 3,391,000 

 taels; of flour, 3,330,000 taels; of woolen cloth, 

 3,036,000 taels; of matches, 2,235,000 taels; of tin, 

 2,197,000 taels. The exports of raw silk were 

 39,732,000 taels in value; -of tea, 25,445,000 taels; 

 of cotton, 9,861,000 taels; of silk goods, 9,712,000 

 taels; of skins, 6,522,000 taels; of beans and 

 bean-cake, 5,468,000 taels; of straw braid, 4,371,- 

 000 taels; of matting, 3,305,000 taels; of sugar, 

 2,984,000 taels; of paper, 2,506,000 taels; of pro- 

 visions, 2,496,000 taels; of coal, 2,291,000 taels; 

 of clothing and shoes, 2,040,000 taels; of tobacco, 

 1,942,000 taels; of wool, 1,864,000 taels; of por- 

 celain and pottery, 1,627,000 taels; of fireworks, 

 1,621,000 taels. 



The values of imports from and exports to 

 different foreign countries and ports in 1900 were 

 in haikwan taels as follow: 



The reexports of foreign merchandise amount- 

 ed to 11,059,000 taels. The shares of the different 

 treaty ports in the import and export trade are 

 given in taels in the following table: 



In northern China wheat, millet, corn, barley, 

 peas, and beans are grown, and in the south rice, 

 sugar, cotton, and indigo. Tea is raised in the 

 southern and western parts, opium in the west, 

 and silk in all the provinces, but especially in 

 Szechuen, Kuangtung, Chehkiang, and Kiangsu. 

 Coal is found in every province and has been 

 mined for several years at Kaiping. At Poshan, 

 in Shantung, are also productive mines. A com- 

 pany has been formed to work the anthracite 

 fields of Shansi, which cover 13,500 square miles, 



while in the western part of that province bitu- 

 minous coal is equally abundant. Coal is mined 

 already in Hunan, where there are 21,700 square 

 miles of anthracite and bituminous deposits, and 

 in Szechuen, where there are enormous beds. 

 Iron is mined in Shansi and Manchuria, copper 

 and some tin, silver, and lead in Yunnan. The 

 quantity of tea exported in 1900 was 1,384,324 

 piculs of 133J pounds, of which 665,267 piculs 

 went to Russia, 255,156 piculs to the United 

 States, 119,328 piculs to Hong-Kong, 135,139 

 piculs to Great Britain, and 45,582 piculs to 

 Australia. 



Navigation. The number of vessels entered 

 and cleared at Chinese ports during 1900 was 

 69,230, of 40,807,242 tons, of which 57,576, of 

 39,555,768 tons, were steamers. Of the total 

 number 22,818, of 23,052,459 tons, were British; 

 34,129, of 7,864,217 tons, were Chinese; 3,527, of 

 4,032,147 tons, were German; 4,917, of 3,871,559- 

 tons, were Japanese; 978, of 664,987 tons, were 

 French; and 1,311. of 474,479 tons," were Ameri- 

 can. 



Railroads and Telegraphs. A railroad con- 

 necting Pekin with Tientsin and Tangku, and 

 running along the coast to Shanhaikwan and 

 thence to Chenchau, on the Liaotung Gulf, with 

 branches to Tienchiao and to the Nan-Pao coal- 

 mines, has a total length of 404 miles. This line 

 is connected with the Russian line which ter- 

 minates at Niuchuang and with the line to Port 

 Arthur. The Russo-Chinese Manchurian rail- 

 road from Harbin to Port Arthur has a length 

 of 650 miles. The line across Manchuria to 

 Vladivostok, 950 miles, the eastern terminal sec- 

 tion of the Russian Trans-Siberian Railroad, has 

 been completed. A line runs southwest from 

 Pekin to Patoting-Fu, 88 miles, and is being con- 

 tinued to the Yangtse river at Hankau. The Ger- 

 mans have built a railroad from Tsintau, near 

 Kiaochau, to Tsinan, whence it will be continued 

 to Yenchau to meet a line built from Kiaochau 

 direct to the latter place. American engineers 

 have undertaken to construct a railroad from 

 Hankau to Canton, with a branch from Yochau 

 to the Pinghsiang coal-mines in Honan. A rail- 

 road 12 miles in length connects Shanghai with 

 Wusung. The French have received a concession 

 for railroads from Tonquin into Yunnan. 

 Kwangsi, and Kwangtung, running from Laokai 

 to Yunnan-Fu, from Langson to Longchau, and 

 from Nanning-Fu to Pakhoi. British concession- 

 aires have undertaken to build lines from Shang- 

 hai to Suchau, Chinkiang, and Nankin, and 

 to Hangchau and Ningpo and from Chingtu to 

 Wuchau and Canton. 



Telegraph-lines connect all the chief cities of 

 China and join the Siberian overland line to 

 Europe and the Indian system as well as the 

 cable. Their total length is a little less than 

 14,000 miles. 



Return of the Court to Pekin. The imperial 

 court entered the Forbidden City, restored and 

 renovated so that outwardly there were no 

 marks of the ruin and destruction wrought by 

 the allies, on Jan. 7, 1902. Contrary to all prece- 

 dents, foreigners were allowed to witness the 

 royal entry, which was attended with gorgeous 

 pageantry and elaborate ceremonial, and natives 

 too, who have been forbidden by immemorial usage 

 to view the passage of royal personages through 

 the streets, were permitted to witness the spec- 

 tacle and gaze on their rulers. Yuan-Shi-Kai, 

 Viceroy of Pechili. with 12.000 trained troops 

 restored and maintained order where under for- 

 eign control strife and confusion reigned. He 

 added 6,000 to the force, and recruits of the best 



