DENMARK. 



213 



ity vote of 54 in the caucus. Early relief was 

 necessary to enable the Cuban planters to market 

 their crop. When a minority of .Republicans in 

 the Senate refused to sanction the reciprocity 

 measure, and it could not therefore be put to a 

 vote, President Roosevelt, on June 13, sent a spe- 

 cial message to Congress in response to an appeal 

 from President Palma for legislative relief before 

 it is too late and Cuba is financially ruined. Mr. 

 Roosevelt considered that the Cuban question 

 stood alone, and did not raise the question of tariff 

 revision; nor would any American industry be 

 injured, but many would benefit, and the grow- 

 ing Cuban market should be controlled by Ameri- 

 can producers. If Cuba was expected to treat 

 the United States on an exceptional footing polit- 

 ically, she should be put economically in an ex- 

 ceptional position in relation to the United States. 

 To give all possible chance to the young republic 

 to use to advantage the freedom for which many 

 American lives have been sacrificed wag the plain 

 duty of a wealthy and powerful nation like the 

 United States. The national honor was pledged 

 to give the relief needed. Mr. Roosevelt sug- 

 gested that the substantial benefit of a reduction 

 of duties should go to Cuban producers, not to 

 American sugar-refiners, and advised against re- 

 course to a bounty in the form of a rebate. The 

 deadlock was not broken by the President's mes- 

 sage nor by the indorsement of his policy by one 

 Republican State convention after another. The 

 Spooner bill providing for a 20-per-cent. reciprocal 

 reduction of duties for five years, which was 

 amended in the House by a provision to abolish 



the differential duty protecting American refin- 

 ers, though retaining the countervailing duties 

 on bounty-fed sugar, was recommended bv the 

 Senate Committee on Cuba n Relations, considered 

 in a conference of Republican Senators, but the 

 minority opposed to reciprocity remained firm and 

 unbroken. Meanwhile the industrial situation in 

 Cuba grew more acute. Planters were unable to 

 borrow more money to give employment to labor- 

 ers, and distress prevailed throughout the island. 

 Starvation was in sight, and disorder as its sequel. 

 The finances of the republic were in such shape 

 that there was scarcely money enough to meet 

 expenses. Early in August the Cuban Congress 

 discussed a bill for raising a loan of $4,000,000 at 

 5 per cent., redeemable in thirty years, to be is- 

 sued at 90, the proceeds to be devoted to the as- 

 sistance of cane-growers. It was proposed to issue 

 six months later a loan of $35,000,000 on the same 

 terms, with the customs receipts as security, for 

 the purpose of paying the Cuban army and dis- 

 charging debts mentioned in the Constitution. A 

 tariff bill was passed increasing to 50 per cent. 

 the duties on fresh and salt beef and pork, codfish, 

 rice, wheat-flour, eggs, coffee, olive-oil, and beer; 

 those on cheese, butter, wines, and liquors to 70 

 per cent. ; the duty on lard to 80 per cent. ; those 

 on soap, starch, poultry, condensed milk, beans, 

 peas, onions, potatoes, and preserved foods to 100 

 per cent.; the duty on corn to 333 per cent.; also 

 putting a duty of 17 per cent, on shoes, one of 40 

 cents a cubic meter on undressed pine lumber, and 

 one of 25 cents a ton on coal. The increases were 

 expected to add $520,000 to the revenue. 



DELAWARE. (See under UNITED STATES.) 



DENMARK, a kingdom in northern Europe. 

 The legislative body, called the Rigsdag, consists 

 of an upper house, the Landsthing, of 66 mem- 

 bers, 12 appointed for life by the King and 54 

 elected for eight years by indirect suffrage, and 

 a popular assembly, the Folkething, containing 

 114 members, elected for three years by the direct 

 vote of all male citizens thirty years of age ex- 

 cepting criminals, paupers, and servants living 

 with their employers. The reigning King is Chris- 

 tian IX, born April 18, 1818. The heir apparent 

 is Prince Frederik, born June 3, 1843, eldest son 

 of the King and Queen Louise, daughter of the 

 Landgrave Wilhelm of Hesse Cassel. 



the Cabinet appointed July 23, 1901, was com- 

 posed as follows: President of the Council and 

 Minister of Foreign Affairs, Dr. J. H. Deuntzer; 

 Minister of Marine, Rear-Admiral F. H. Johnke; 

 Minister of War, Col. V. H. O. Madsen; Minister 

 of Finance, C. F. Hage; Minister of Justice and 

 for Iceland, P. A. Alberti; Minister of Worship 

 and Public Instruction, J. C. Christensen; Minis- 

 ter of Agriculture, O. Hansen; Minister of Pub- 

 lic Works, V. L. B. Horup; Minister of the In- 

 terior, E. Sorensen. 



Area and Population. The area of the divi- 

 sions of Denmark and the population at the cen- 

 sus of Feb. 1, 1901, are given in the following 

 table: 



The population, not including that of the 

 Faroes, was divided into 1,193,448 males and 

 1,256,092 females. The increase in population 

 since 1890 was 12.75 per cent., annual increase 1.1 

 per cent. The increase in the urban population 

 was 29.7 per cent., and in the rural population 

 4.3 per cent. The population of Copenhagen with- 

 in the city limits was 378.235; with suburbs, 

 476,806. Aarhuis had 51,814 inhabitants; Odense, 

 40,138; Aalborg, 31,457. The number of mar- 

 riages in 1900 was 18,499; of births, 72,141; of 

 deaths, 40,924; excess of births, 31,217. The emi- 

 gration, mainly to the United States, was 3,570. 



Finances. The revenue for the year ending 

 March 31, 1901, was 78,959,357 kroner; expendi- 

 ture, 78,883,529 kroner. For 1902 the revenue 

 was estimated at 71,512,513 kroner and expendi- 

 ture at 72,077,975 kroner. The budget estimate 

 of revenue for the year ending March 31, 1903, 

 was 72,871,598 kroner, of which 927,892 kroner 

 are a balance from domain revenues, 3,239.923 

 kroner are interest on state assets, 10,886.300 

 kroner come from direct taxes, 51,405.630 kroner 

 are from customs, excise, and other indirect 

 taxes, 136,006 kroner are net revenue from posts 

 and telegraphs, 1,090,000 kroner are the balance 

 accruing to the state from lotteries, 549,377 

 kroner are separate revenues, and 4,636.4(18 

 kroner are revenue from employment of capital 

 and funding of debt. The total* expenditure was 

 estimated in the budget at 72.388.208 kroner, of 

 which 1,203.200 kroner are the civil list and ap- 

 panages, 532,032 kroner are expenses of the Rigs- 

 dag and the Council of State, 7.041,384 kroner 

 are the public debt charges, 3,377,130 kroner are 

 civil and military pensions, 739.300 kroner are 

 for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 2,844,977 

 kroner for the Ministry of Agriculture, 6,035,954 



