214 



DENMARK. 



kroner for the Ministry of the Interior, 4,950,168 

 kroner for the Ministry of Justice, 6,970,705 

 kroner for the Ministry of Worship and Public 

 Instruction, 10,226,370 kroner for the Ministry of 

 War, 6,742,635 kroner for the Ministry of Ma- 

 rine, 4,164,676 kroner for the Ministry of 

 Finance, 77,164 kroner for the Ministry for Ice- 

 land, 3,836,304 kroner for extraordinary state ex- 

 penditure, and 13,646,159 kroner for improvement 

 of state property and reduction of debt. The 

 reserve fund kept at the disposal of the Govern- 

 ment to provide for sudden emergencies amount- 

 ed on March 31, 1901, to 17,891,915 kroner. The 

 actual revenue for the financial year 1902 

 amounted to 96,800,000 kroner and expenditure 

 to 76,700,000 kroner. The receipts included 30,- 

 000.000 kroner of the loan concluded in 1901, of 

 wlik-h 10,000,000 kroner were used, leaving 20,- 

 000,000 kroner unexpended and a total balance 

 in the treasury of 40,000,000 kroner on March 31, 

 1902. In the budget for the year ending March 

 31, 1904, the revenue is estimated at 70,200,000 

 kroner, including a balance in the treasury on 

 April 1, 1903, estimated at 11,000,000 kroner, and 

 the expenditure is estimated at 74,500,000 kroner, 

 showing a probable deficit of 4,300,000 kroner. 

 The amount of the public debt on March 31, 1901, 

 was 217,294,224 kroner. The foreign debt was 

 149,012,250 kroner, the domestic debt 68,281,974 

 kroner. The rate of interest is generally 3 per 

 cent. The value of state railroads on March 31, 

 1901, was 247,492,711 kroner and of other invest- 

 ments and the domains 81,751,643 kroner, includ- 

 ing the war chest. 



The city of Copenhagen had a revenue of 23,- 

 647,206 kroner in 1900, 19,363,676 kroner of ex- 

 penditures, a debt of 59,255,344 kroner, and prop- 

 erty valued at 66,936,304 kroner. The revenue of 

 the provincial towns in 1899 amounted to 18,264,- 

 393 kroner, their expenditures to 14,882,386 

 kroner, their debts were 36,750,368 kroner, and 

 the value of their property was 61,439,805 kroner. 

 The collective revenue of rural communes was 

 23,023,172 kroner, their expenditure was 20,669,- 

 605 kroner, their debts amounted to 19,466,375 

 kroner, and the value of their property to 48,357,- 

 907 kroner. Provincial places collected 3,600,570 

 kroner of revenue, expended 3,132,596 kroner, had 

 5,556,737 kroner of debts, and owned 7,477,508 

 kroner of property. 



The Army. Young men from the age of 

 twenty-two are liable to serve eight years in the 

 regular army and its reserve and eight years 

 longer in the extra reserve. When drawn for 

 service they are drilled six months for infantry, 

 three months for field-artillery and engineers, 

 eight months for cavalry, and four months for 

 fortress-artillery. Recruits who fail to become, 

 proficient are required to go through a second 

 period of drill, which is eight months for infan- 

 try, eleven months for cavalry, and twelve 

 months for artillery and engineers. All troops 

 are called into camp for annual exercises lasting 

 from twenty-five to thirty days. The army is 

 organized in 2 divisions, one of 2 and one of 3 

 brigades, the brigade consisting of 3 regiments of 

 infantry and 1 regiment of cavalry. There are 

 31 battalions of infantry of the line, 11 battal- 

 ions of reserve, 5 regiments of cavalry, 2 regiments 

 of field-artillery of 6 active batteries, and 4 

 reserve batteries each, 1 regiment of fortress-artil- 

 lery, and 1 regiment of engineers. The total 

 strength on the peace footing was 824 officers 

 and 8,945 men in 1901; war footing, 1,448 officers 

 and 60,138 men. 



The Navy. The Danish navy contains one 

 old turret-ship, the Helgoland, of 5,370 tons, 



armed with one 36-ton gun, 4 22-ton guns, 4 

 5-inch guns, and 2 2-J-inch quick-firers. The bar- 

 bette ship Iver Hvitfeldt, of 3,450 tons, carries 

 2 28-ton and 4 5-inch guns and 2 2i-inch quick- 

 firers. The cruiser Tordenskjold, of 2,530 tons, 

 has a 52-ton gun in an armored barbette and 2 

 5-inch guns. The armor-clad coast-defense ves- 

 sels Gorm, of 2,400 tons, and Herluf Trolle, of 

 3,470 tons, launched in 1899, carry 2 26-ton or 

 18-ton guns in armored turrets. The Skjold, of 

 2,160 tons, has a single 26-ton gun. The Lindor- 

 men, of 2,100 tons, has a pair of 13-ton guns. 

 The Odin, of 3,230 tons, has 4 18-ton guns in a 

 central battery. A new turret-ship of 5,317 tons, 

 launched in 1900, has 2 pairs of 26-ton guns. 

 Nearly all the vessels of the navy were built at 

 Copenhagen. The Valkyrien, of 3,020 tons, the 

 Fyen, of 2,740 tons, and the Geiser, Hekla, and 

 Heimdal, of 1,310 tons, are deck-protected cruis- 

 ers of recent construction. 



Commerce and Production. The European 

 agricultural crisis affected Denmark as seriously 

 as any country and led to a diversification of 

 crops, a contraction in the area under cereals, 

 and a great extension of pastoral industry which 

 with the encouragement of the Government and 

 by the aid of agricultural schools has placed 

 Denmark in the first rank of dairying countries, 

 and not only restored but augmented the former 

 prosperity. There were exported 40,578 cattle, 

 20,543 horses, and 2,095 sheep in 1900. The quan- 

 tity of beet-sugar produced was 49,678 tons. The 

 manufacture of oleomargarine was 18,254 tons. 

 There were 21,879,576 gallons of beer brewed, and 

 the distillation of spirits amounted to 7,479,845 

 gallons. The catch of fish in 1899 was valued at 

 7,455,871 kroner. The total value of imports in 

 1900 was 526,803,000 kroner; of domestic exports, 

 281,919,000 kroner; total exports, 393,570,000 

 kroner. The special imports were valued at 416,- 

 200,000 kroner, of which 96,200,000 kroner repre- 

 sent food substances, 81,300,000 kroner articles 

 for personal or domestic use, 43,100,000 kroner 

 fuel, 71,300,000 kroner seeds, manure, and fodder, 

 and 124,300,000 kroner raw products. Of the 

 domestic exports 235,500,000 kroner represent 

 food substances, 4,500,000 kroner articles for per- 

 sonal or domestic use, 2,000,000 kroner seeds, 

 manure, and fodder, and 39,900,000 kroner raw 

 products. Of the general imports 44,534,000 

 kroner and of exports 14,085,000 kroner were 

 colonial produce; of the imports 7,655,000 kroner 

 and of the exports 3,448,000 kroner were bever- 

 ages; of the imports 58,372,000 kroner and of 

 the exports 6,306,000 kroner were textile manu- 

 factures; of the imports 47.081,000 kroner and 

 of the exports 12,079,000 kroner were metals 

 and metal manufactures; of the imports 25.ti'J(>.- 

 000 kroner and of the exports 2,162,000 kroner 

 were timber and wood manufactures; of the im- 

 ports 47,362,000 kroner and of the exports 4,470.- 

 000 kroner were coal; of the imports 2,513.000 

 kroner and of the exports 21,852,000 kroner were 

 live animals; of the imports 52,037,000 kroner a ml 

 of the exports 231,228.000 kroner were dairy - 

 produce and provisions; of the imports 66,873,000 

 kroner and of the exports 13,339,000 kroner were 

 cereals. The values in kroner of the commerce of 

 Denmark with various foreign countries in 1900 

 are given in the table on the next page. 



The imports of Danish butter into Great Brit- 

 ain increased from 767,190 in 1870 to 8,029.625 

 in 1900; imports of eggs, from 67,654 in 1878 to 

 923,551 in 1900; and in the latter year 3,058,- 

 782 of Danish bacon was imported. 



Navigation. The number of vessels in the 

 foreign trade entered at Danish ports during 1900 



