224 



EAST AFRICA. 



Protectorate, being bounded by the parallel of 

 5 of north latitude on the north, by the 

 meridional line passing through the middle 

 of Lake Rudolf, the parallel of 1 of north 

 latitude and the German frontier on the south, 

 and the frontier of the Congo State on the 

 west. The eastern province is to be transferred 

 to the East Africa Protectorate. The estimated 

 area of the Uganda Protectorate with its pres- 

 ent limits is 140,000 square miles. Uganda 

 proper is ruled under British direction by 3 na- 

 tive chiefs in the name of a Kabaka, or King, 

 Daudi Chua, the infant grandson of Mtesa. 

 Other districts are governed under native laws 

 by native rulers more independently of British 

 control, although in 11 out of 18 districts British 

 supervision is recognized and the position and 

 revenues of the kings are regulated by treaty. 

 The British Commissioner, consul-general, and 

 commander-in-chief of the forces is Lieut-Col. 

 James Hayes Sadler. Uganda proper has a 

 population of about 1,000,000, the majority of 

 whom are Christians. The Eastern, Rudolf, and 

 Central provinces, and the Nile province, which 

 extends from the Victoria Nyanza northward as 

 far as Lado, the southern limit of 'the Egyptian 

 Soudan, are inhabited by Masai and Soudanese, 

 and the Western province by Bantu and Soudan- 

 ese and some tribes of dwarfs near the .Semliki 

 river. Including the kingdom of Uganda, the 

 total population is estimated at 4,000,000. The 

 military force under the commander-in-chief 

 numbers about 4,000 men, consisting of a native 

 battalion, the remnant of the Soudanese rifles 

 brought into the country by the British East 

 Africa Company, the rest having mutinied and 

 returned to the Soudan, an armed native con- 

 stabulary, bodies of native levies, and a battalion 

 of Indian troops who volunteered for native 

 regiments in India to serve three years in 

 Uganda after the mutiny of the Soudanese troops. 

 The native battalion of African rifles consists of 

 9 companies under 25 British officers. Another 

 battalion of 600 men from the Central African 

 Protectorate, which served in the Ashanti war 

 and was afterward stationed at Zomba, was held 

 in readiness to serve in Uganda if needed. An 

 armed steamer on Lake Victoria and 2 steam- 

 launches, with some sailing vessels, form an effi- 

 cient naval force. The seat of the British ad- 

 ministration is Entebbe, which is the terminus 

 of the Uganda Railroad. This railroad was com- 

 pleted on Dec. 19, 1901, to Kisumu and Port 

 Florence, on the lake. The length from Mom- 

 basa to Port Florence is 583 miles. The British 

 Government built the line at a cost of 4,815,000. 

 Ivory, rubber, and cattle are exported. Ger- 

 mans, Englishmen, Bombay Banians, Persians, 

 and Arabs carry on the trade. The natives of 

 Uganda pay a hut-tax and a tax on firearms. 

 The total local revenue for 1903 is estimated at 

 60,000. Roads for wheeled traffic are being 

 made through Buddu province and from Entebbe, 

 on Lake Victoria, to Butiaba, on Lake Albert. 

 The hut-tax is levied through the agency of the 

 native regents and chiefs who retain a share of 

 it for themselves. In case the people refuse to 

 pay or are incited to resistance by the head men, 

 who are deprived of the imposts they formerly 

 levied, the authorities will not resort to extreme 

 measures to collect the tax. The natives are 

 encouraged and trained to grow cereals, vege- 

 tables, and fruits, to domesticate useful animals, 

 and to collect rubber and other wild products. 

 Mining and land regulations have been framed 

 with a view of attracting capital and white set- 

 tlers, though no promise of Government assist- 



ance is held out to intending settlers. The new 

 railroad is expected to develop a considerable ex- 

 ternal commerce. At some future time the Nile 

 route will be opened by making a navigable chan- 

 nel from Nimule to Gondokoro, and then there 

 will be a double outlet for the products of 

 Uganda and the adjacent countries. Although 

 the revenue is increasing, it can not be expected 

 to meet the expenditure for years to come. There 

 are several regions that are suitable for coloniza- 

 tion by whites. Besides the extensive Nandi 

 country, sparsely inhabited by a turbulent peo- 

 ple, which lies northeast of Lake Victoria and 

 has been detached from Uganda and annexed to 

 the British East Africa Protectorate, there are 

 districts between the Victoria and Albert lakes 

 and on the slopes of the Ruwenzori range where 

 white families could live and rear their children, 

 but none such below an elevation of 5,500 feet. 

 There are large tracts suited to agriculture and 

 others where cattle can be reared, and horses in 

 the areas free from the tsetse fly. Regions un- 

 healthful for Europeans include what are now the 

 productive parts of the protectorate, thickly peo- 

 pled by races representing all the types found in 

 Africa Hamitic, Semitic, Bantu, negro, pygmy, 

 and their intermixtures, and some of these are 

 capable of civilization and industrial development 

 if their prospects are not marred by injustice and 

 misrule. 



Major C. Delme Radcliffe, who had civil and 

 military control in the Nile province, conducted 

 in 1901 an expedition into the Lango country 

 to reduce the people to subjection and capture 

 the remnant of the Soudanese mutineers who 

 had settled among them and formed with the 

 chiefs the pact of blood brotherhood. The mu- 

 tineers with their Lango allies carried on raids 

 as far as Acholi and entered into a league with 

 Rajumba and other rebels in Unyoro, who per- 

 suaded the natives that Kabarega, their king, 

 would return. When the British officers with 

 their force of loyal Soudanese and Baganda 

 troops entered the Lango country they found 

 that some of the tribes were on bad terms with 

 the mutineers and the chief who had received 

 them, Obokhe by name. Others could be induced 

 to take sides with the British if they could be 

 freed from the obligations of blood brotherhood. 

 The English doctor invented a charm that broke 

 the spell, which he accomplished by making 

 them thoroughly sick by an injection of mor- 

 phine in the cicatrix, followed by nauseous doses. 

 Since the capture of Mwanga and Kabarega none 

 of the British expeditions had been thorough 

 enough to disturb the Soudanese rebels and the 

 Lango tribes that befriended them. When Major 

 Radcliffe began his operations they offered a 

 strong resistance, which they were encouraged 

 to continue when smallpox broke out among the 

 Government troops. The British persisted, how- 

 ever, and scoured the country until they had 

 killed or captured nearly all the mutineers and 

 made a prisoner of the Lango chief who pro- 

 tected them, which they were enabled to do by 

 the active aid of three other native chiefs and 

 a force of native levies that operated from the 

 southeast, despatched by Sir Harry Johnston, 

 who as special commissioner was examining the 

 region west of M. Elgon. The operations lasted 

 nearly six months. As in the earlier pursuit of 

 the mutinous Soudanese, the Government had to 

 rely mainly on the Soudanese troops that re- 

 mained loyal. In 190s many of the troops of the 

 protectorate were stationed in Unyoro and near 

 the Semliki and toward the German frontier, 

 which was delimited by Major Radcliffe and 



