228 



EGYPT. 



E. 1,000,000 from customs, E. 1,000,000 from 

 tobacco, E. 477,000 from other indirect taxes, 

 E. 650,000 from other taxes, E. 207,400 from 

 miscellaneous sources. E. 2,200,000 from rail- 

 roads, E. 60,000 from telegraphs, E. 130,000 

 from the post-office, and E. 240,000 from other 

 sources. The total expenditure was estimated for 

 1902 at E. 10,850,000, of which E. _9,900,279 

 were ordinary expenditures, E. 265,037 conver- 

 sion economies, E. 65,646 the sinking-fund of 

 the guaranteed loan, and E. 619,038 the share 

 of surplus paid into the general reserve fund. Of 

 the ordinary expenditures E. 255,361 were for 

 the Khedivial civil list, E. 2,342,732 for ad- 

 ministrative expenses, E. 1,047,200 for operat- 

 ing railroads, E. 49,922 for telegraphs, 

 E, 119,466 for the post-office, E. 70,360 for 

 other services, E. 448,816 for the Egyptian 

 army, E. 84,825 for the army of occupation, 

 E. 410,000 for pensions, E. 665,041 for trib- 

 ute, E. 37.300 for expenses of the Caisse de la 

 Dette, E. 488,866 for the expenses of the con- 

 solidated debt, E. 208,669 for debts not con- 

 solidated, E. 250,000 for suppression of the 

 corvee, E. 389,721 to cover the deficit in the 

 Soudan, and E. 32,000 for a reserve to meet 

 unforeseen expenditure. The expenditure in the 

 Soudan and the accumulation of conversion eco- 

 nomies required under the law are unfavorable 

 to a true showing of the financial condition of 

 the Government, while these conversion econo- 

 mies and the arbitrary limit placed upon admin- 

 istrative expenditure, precautions taken for the 

 security of the bondholders, hamper the finan- 

 cial resources of the Government. These provi- 

 sions the English administrators would like to 

 alter. The result of the accumulation of econo- 

 mies is that the Government buys its own bonds 

 at a premium, and thus aids in maintaining an 

 artificial price to its own disadvantage. If Egypt 

 were not hampered by the peculiar system of ac- 

 counts and estimates imposed by its interna- 

 tional obligations, the estimate of revenue for 

 1902 would have been E. 10,844,000, and of 

 expenditure E. 9,900,000, showing a surplus 

 of E. 944,000. For 1901 the revenue would 

 have been E. 11,944,000, and expenditure E. 

 9,988,000; surplus, E. 1,956,000. 



The Egyptian debts on Jan. 1, 1901, amounted 

 to 102,714,180 sterling, of which the guaranteed 

 debt of 8,333,000 pays 3 per cent, interest, the 

 privileged debt of 29,393,580 pays 3 per cent., 

 the unified debt of 55,971,960 pays 4 per cent., 

 the Daira Sanieh loan of 6,117,240 pays 4 per 

 cent., and the domains loan of 2.898,400 pays 

 4J per cent. The charges on these debts amount 

 to E. 3,851,761 a year, and the total debt 

 charge, including the Turkish tribute, is E. 

 4,399,876. The reserve funds on Jan. 1, 1901, 

 amounted to E. 5,997,772, of which E. 4,002,- 

 302 were economies from conversions, E. 1,186,- 

 790 the general reserve fund, and E. 808,680 

 the special reserve fund. 



The Army. The Egyptian army had a 

 strength of 18,114 men in 1902, with 134 English 

 officers in the principal commands, 1,610 horses 

 and mules, 1,100 camels, and 150 guns. The 

 commander-in-chief, called the Sirdar, is Major- 

 Gen. Sir Reginald Wingate. 



The British army of occupation had in 1902 a 

 strength of 4,500 men. The annual expense to the 

 Egyptian Government to maintain this force is 

 87,000. 



Commerce and Production. Cotton, sugar, 

 and rice are grown in the summer; rice, sorghum, 

 and vegetables in the autumn: and grain of vari- 

 ous kinds in the winter. In Lower Egypt, where 



there is perpetual irrigation, cotton, sugar, rice, 

 corn, wheat, and cucumbers and other vegetables 

 occupy the ground throughout the year. In 

 Upper Egypt the land is irrigated at high Nile 

 and one crop of millet or vegetables is obtained 

 except where the canals permit of repeated irri- 

 gation and the cultivation of cotton and sugar- 

 cane. The reservoir at Assouan and the barrage 

 at Assiout store 1,065,000,000 cubic meters of 

 water, and when the irrigation canals are com- 

 pleted large tracts of new land will be made 

 available for high culture. The cotton crop in 

 1900 was 6,510,000 kantars of 50 kilograms. The 

 exports of cotton were 4,868,596 kantars, valued 

 at E. 13,039,000; exports of sugar, 53,729,309 

 kilograms, value E. 575,496. The total value 

 of merchandise imports in 1901 was E. 15,244,- 

 939, and of exports E. 15,730,088; imports of 

 specie were E. 3,085,678, and exports E. 

 2,432,172. Imports of animals and animal food 

 products were E. 685,012, and exports E. 

 112,958; imports of hides, skins, and leather and 

 its manufactures were E. 219,560, and exports 

 E. 90,642; imports of other animal products 

 were E. 80,551, and exports E. 63,825; im- 

 ports of cereals and vegetables were E. 1,706,- 

 352, and exports E. 2,649,970; imports of pro- 

 visions and drugs were E. 415,089, and exports 

 E. 804,471; imports of spirits and oils were 

 E. 812,867, and exports E. 19,579; imports 

 of books, paper, and paper material were E. 

 231,051, and exports E. 15,132; imports of 

 coal, wood, and wood manufactures were E. 

 2,139,420, and exports E. 15,979; imports of 

 stone, lime, glass, etc., were E. 407,683, and 

 exports E. 1,487; imports of dyes and colors 

 were E. 324,710, and exports E. 25,524; im- 

 ports of textiles and textile materials were E. 

 4,642,241, and exports E. 11,892,397; imports 

 of metals and metal manufactures were E. 

 1,744,084, and exports E. 4,187; imports of 

 tobacco were E. 595,621; imports of miscel- 

 laneous merchandise were E. 880,142, and ex- 

 ports E. 18,008. The value of cotton cloth im- 

 ported was E. 2,414,681. The quantity of raw 

 cotton exported was 6,123,350 kantars, valued at 

 E. 11,833,277. Of E. 14,112,370, the total 

 value of imports of merchandise in 1900, the 

 value of E. 12,429,306, and of E. 16,766.610, 

 the total value of exports, the value of E. 

 16,486,911 passed through the port of Alexandria. 

 The values of imports from and exports to vari- 

 ous countries in 1901 are given in the following 

 table: 



Navigation. The number of vessels in the 

 foreign trade entered at the port of Alexandria 

 during 1900 was 2,830, of 2,375.619 tons, of which 

 673, of 1.022,834 tons, were British: 109. of 291,- 

 643 tons, were French; 129, of 248,875 tons, were 



