264 



FRANCE. 



from 525,920 acres, 163,777 tons; of barley, from 

 3,635,995 acres, 1,189,557 tons; of beans, from 

 80,180 acres, 16,534 tons; of oats, from 231,800 

 acres, 97,836 tons; of dari, from 70,335 acres, 

 20,190 tons. There are about 30,000 wine-growers, 

 17,000 of whom are Europeans. Wine-growing 

 is the largest industry, but the abnormal yield 

 of France in 1900 and 1901 depressed prices so 

 that exports were unprofitable and fell from 

 1,000,000 gallons in 1899 to 500,000 gallons in 

 1900. The vineyards, covering 151,877 hectares, 

 produced 5,563,032 hectoliters of wine in 1901. 

 The crop of tobacco, covering about 7,000 hectares, 

 was 49,207 quintals. There are 6,500,000 olive- 

 trees. Ramie, colza, and other oil-seeds, alfalfa, 

 dates, flax, and vegetables are grown. Alfalfa 

 coven 12.000,000 acres, producing 4 quintals per 

 acre of dried hay. The quantity of cocoons pro- 

 duced in 1899 was 116,500 quintals. There was 

 90,000 hundredweight of cork cut in 1900 from 

 the state cork forests, which have an area of 

 2SI.400 hectares. The total forest area is 3,247,- 

 (i!>2 hectares, of which about 75 per cent, is 

 utilized, 1,759,495 hectares belonging to the Gov- 

 ernment, 76,919 hectares to communes, and 468,- 

 395 hectares to individuals. There were 23 mines 

 in operation in . 1899, producing 173,749 metric 

 tons of iron ore, valued at 1,287,069 francs, be- 

 sides 377,192 tons not included in concessions, 

 value 3,374,562 francs ; 389 tons of silver-lead ore, 

 valued at 52,412 francs; 42,970 tons of zinc ore, 

 valued at 2,512,895 francs; 200 tons of anti- 

 mony ore, valued at 52,000 francs. The produc- 

 tion of rock salt was 17,378 tons, value 336,500 

 francs. The production of phosphate of lime was 

 281,816 tons, mainly from Tebessa. Many other 

 beds have been found in various parts of the 

 country. Petroleum, coal, onyx, copper, and 

 mercury are other mineral products of Algeria. 

 Pottery, tanning, weaving, and the manufacture 

 of esparto are native industries. The total value 

 of the general imports in 1900 was 323,818,000 

 francs, of which 259,355,000 francs came from 

 France and 64,463,000 francs from foreign coun- 

 tries and French colonies; general < tports were 

 valued at 242,317,000 francs, of which 173,467,000 

 francs went to France and 68,850,000 francs 

 to foreign countries and French colonies. The 

 value of the special imports was 313,330,000 

 francs, of which 53,975,336 francs came from for- 

 eign countries and French colonies; the value of 

 special exports was 229,364,000 francs, of which 

 55,896,653 francs went to foreign countries and 

 French colonies. The special trade was distrib- 

 uted among the chief countries as follows, values 

 being given in francs : 



There were imported from foreign countries 

 cattle for 10,088,651 francs, eoal for 6,169,497 

 francs, coffee for 5,417,373 francs, lumber for 

 4.792,396 francs, tobacco for 2.029.329 francs, ma- 

 chinery for 1.753.35.-> francs, ships and boats for 

 1,700,500 francs, and hides for 1.622.540 francs, and 

 exported to foreign countries alfalfa for 7,049,- 

 636 francs, tobacco for 6,825,031 francs, iron ore 



for 4,702,042 francs, hides for 4,926,920 francs, 

 cork for 3,786,227 francs, vegetable fibers for 

 2,360,992 francs, and cereals for 1,780,367 francs. 

 The value of wine imported from Algeria into 

 France was 50,433,000 francs; of cereals, 37,844,- 

 000 francs; of sheep, 19,194,000 francs; of wool, 

 11,486,000 francs. France exported to Algeria 

 textile fabrics of the value of 35,467,000 francs, 

 skins and furs of the value of 17,281,000 francs, 

 clothing of the value of 16,600,000 francs, and 

 machinery of the value of 9,663,000 francs. 



There were entered at Algerian ports during 

 1900 from French and foreign ports 3,480 vessels, 

 of 2,544,340 tons, of which 2,095, of 1,579,433 

 tons, were French; cleared, 3,485, of 2,553,139 

 tons, of which 2,056, of 1,542,420 tons, were 

 French. There were entered and cleared coast- 

 wise 9,635, of 1,782,531 tons, in 1899. The length 

 of railroads in operation in 1901 was 1,818 miles, 

 not including an extension of 325 miles in Tunis. 

 The telegraphs had a length of 6,840 miles, with 

 16,840 miles of wire; number of messages, 2,145,- 

 990. 



A new railroad is being built into the recently 

 annexed parts of the Sahara along the frontier 

 of Morocco with the consent of the Moorish 

 Sultan. Though the inhabitants of Figig still 

 commit hostile acts against the French on their 

 border, since the boundary has been defined no 

 political question arises from such occasional in- 

 cidents. The Tuaregs of the desert render the 

 caravan routes unsafe, and troops are constantly 

 employed in punishing the freebooting tribes, 

 which send out parties of 200 or 300 well-armed 

 robbers mounted on dromedaries. 



The regency of Tunis, though nominally under 

 the suzerainty of Turkey and under the rule of 

 a Mohammedan dynasty, has been a French pro- 

 tectorate since 1882, governed practically by a 

 French Minister Resident General under instruc- 

 tions from the French Minister of Foreign Af- 

 fairs. The Bey of Tunis, whose authority is now 

 confined to religious matters, at the beginning of 

 1902 was Sidi AH, born Oct. 5, 1817. The heir 

 apparent was his son Mohammed, born June 24, 

 1855. The Resident General in the beginning of 

 1902 was S. Pichon. The army of occupation 

 numbered 19,460 men, of whom 691 were officers, 

 the cost of which is paid by France. The Bey 

 has a guard of 600 native troops. The area of 

 Tunis is about 51,000 square miles, with a popu- 

 lation of about 1,906.000. The French popula- 

 tion, exclusive of the army, was 23,692, in the 

 beginning of 1901. The foreigners on Jan. 1, 

 1901, numbered 82,667, of whom 67,420 were Ital- 

 ians, 12,056 Maltese, and 3,191 of other nation- 

 alities. In the capital city of Tunis, which has 

 a population of 1/0.000. were 12.490 French and 

 about 27,000 other Europeans. The revenue for 

 1902 was estimated at 54,113.963 francs, of which 

 7,881,400 francs came from direct taxation, 

 9,323,300 francs from customs, 7,768,300 francs 

 from monopolies, 1,147,200 francs from domains, 

 1,035,200 francs from various sources, 2,018,157 

 from arrears of 1901, 14,500.000 francs from a 

 railroad loan, and 10.440,406 francs from other 

 exceptional sources. The total expenditure for 

 1902 was estimated at 54,026.154 francs, of which 

 1,680,000 francs were for the civil list, 12,365.-J-43 

 francs for finance and debt, 1,452.80.") francs for 

 the post-office and telegraphs, 3.734.5(55 francs 

 for administration, 1,058.940 francs for agricul- 

 ture and forests. 1.069,911 francs for public in- 

 -t ruction, 4,743.500 francs for public works, 962,- 

 626 francs for the army, etc., 2,018,157 francs were 

 arrears, and 24.940,407 francs were exceptional 

 expenditures. The debt was consolidated in 1884 



