268 



FRANCE. 



FRIENDS. 



serving in the Pacific. The recruiting of women 

 and traffic in firearms and intoxicants are for- 

 bidden' by regulations adopted by the British 

 and French naval commission. 



Tin' rrt'ncli BMoMitfrfnente in Oceania consist 

 of scattered groups and islands in the western 

 1'aritic united under the authority of a Governor 

 priding at Tahiti, G. P. T. Gallet in 1902. They 

 have a total area of 1,520 square miles and about 

 J'.UMin inhabitant-.. The island of Tahiti, inhab- 

 ited by a Polynesian race, has an area of _GOO 

 square' miles and a population in 1!>00 of 10,750. 

 Papeete, the capital, had 4.282 inhabitants, of 

 whom 2.41)0 were French. The revenue of Tahiti 

 for 11KK) was 1.237,450 francs. The expenditure of 

 France in 1902 was 798,352 francs. On the low- 

 lands near the coast coconuts, bananas, oranges, 

 sugar, and vanilla are grown. The imports in 1900 

 were valued at 3,521,520 francs; exports, 3,597,358 

 francs. Articles of food and cotton cloth are the 

 principal imports. The largest exports in 1900 

 were copra for 1,221,480 francs, mother-of-pearl 

 for 1,108.058 francs, and vanilla for 811,338 

 francs. Of the total value of imports 1,651,736 

 francs came from the United States, 664,482 francs 

 from New Zealand, 578,576 francs from France 

 and French colonies, and 317,080 francs from 

 Great Britain. Of the total value of exports 

 l,525,(iG7 francs went to the United States, 832,789 

 francs to Great Britain, 534,222 francs to France 

 and French colonies, and 341,117 francs to New 

 Zealand. There were entered at Papeete during 

 1900 only 40 vessels, of 29.343 tons; cleared, 42 

 vessels, of 28,436 tons. The island of Moorea 

 has an area of 50 square miles with 1,596 inhab- 

 itants: Raiatea and Tahaa have 2.300 inhabit- 

 ants; Huahine has 1,300; Bora Bora, 800. The 

 Tubuai and Ravavae Islands have an area of 

 100 square miles and 1,700 inhabitants. Rapa 

 has 15 square miles with 192 inhabitants. The 

 Tuamotu Islands have about 5,000 population. 

 The Gambier Islands, with an area of 6 square 

 miles, have 580 inhabitants. The area of the 

 Marquesas Islands is 480 square miles, with a 

 population of 4.280; their products are oranges, 

 copra, and mother-of-pearl. The total area of 

 the islands belonging to the establishments in 

 Oceania is 1,520 square miles, and their total 

 population about 31,000. 



In America France has the islands of Guade- 

 loupe and Martinique and their dependencies (see 

 \\IST INDIES), French Guiana, and the little 

 groups of St. Pierre and Miquelon near the south- 

 ern coast of Newfoundland. French Guiana has 

 a General Council of 16 members and is represent- 

 ed by one Deputy in the French Chamber. The 

 acting Governor in 1902 was Joseph P. Fran- 

 cois. The area is estimated at 30,500 square 

 miles, and the population at 30,300, of whom 

 4,360 are convicts undergoing the punishment of 

 hard labor, 80 are discharged convicts, and 2,650 

 are exiles. The number of Indians is about 1,500. 

 The military force consists of 371 French soldiers. 

 Only 8,800 acres are cultivated, though rice, corn, 

 manioc, cacao, coffee, sugar, indigo, and tobacco 

 are grown. The export of gold in 1899 was 

 81,715 ounces. The most valuable gold-fields 

 were disputed by Brazil and have been awarded 

 to France by the Swiss arbitrators to whom the 

 question was referred. Phosphates, silver, and 

 iron ore are exported, and of the agricultural 

 produce cacao, coffee, and rum. There is a trade, 

 too, in woods, of which valuable kinds abound, 

 and in other forest products. In 1900 the value of 

 gold exported was 6,000.000 francs; of marble 

 stotip. 185.000 francs; of rosewood essence, 

 60,000 f runes; of gum, 15,000 francs. The total 



value of imports was 9,725,000 francs, and of ex- 

 ports 6,350,000 francs. Of the imports 7,050,000 

 francs came from, and of the exports 6,100,000 

 francs went to France and trench colonies. The 

 number of vessels entered and cleared at the port 

 of Cayenne during 1899 was 180, of 38,872 tons. 

 A railroad from Cayenne to the Arataie creek, 

 60 miles, has been authorized, which will later 

 be carried 190 miles farther to where the bound- 

 aries of Brazil and Dutch Guiana meet. The 

 local revenue and expenditure in 1901 was esti- 

 mated at 2,692,818 francs. The expenditure of 

 France for 1902 was 7,086,000 francs, of which 

 5,887,930 francs were for the penal establish- 

 ment. 



St. Pierre and Miquelon have an area respect- 

 ively of 10 and 83 square miles, with 5,700 inhab- 

 itants in the former, which is the rendezvous of 

 the French cod-fishing fleet, and 550 in the latter. 

 There is a General Council elected by the people. 

 The Governor in 1902 was E. Julien. There were 

 196 fishing-boats, of 9,662 tons, belonging to the 

 islands in 1900. The value of imports in 1900 was 

 9,326,037 francs, of which 4,381,469 francs came 

 from France; exports, 13,467,453 francs, of which 

 12,253,997 francs were products of the islands, 

 consisting of dried and fresh codfish, cod-liver oil, 

 etc. The revenue collected in the colony in 1901 

 was estimated at 691,011 francs. The expendi- 

 ture of France in 1902 was 251,988 francs. 



FRIENDS. The following are the comparative 

 statistics of the Society of Friends (Orthodox) in 

 America, by yearly meetings, for 1900 and!901 : 



The New England, New York, Philadelphia, 

 Baltimore, and North Carolina Yearly Meetings 

 were organized before the beginning of the nine- 

 teenth century. Ohio Yearly Meeting was set off 

 from the Baltimore Yearly Meeting in 1812. 

 Indiana Yearly Meeting was established in 1812, 

 and though 4 large yearly meetings Western, 

 Iowa, Kansas, and Wilmington (Ohio) have 

 been set off from it, it is still the largest yearly 

 meeting in the world. Western Yearly Meeting, 

 Indiana, which was set off from Indiana Yearly 

 Meeting in 1857, is the second largest yearly 

 meeting in the United States. Iowa Yearly Meet- 

 ing was set off in 1863, and represents in its mem- 

 bership emigrations from nearly all the yearly 

 meetings. Canada Yearly Meeting was set off 

 from the New York Meeting in 1867. Kansas 

 Yearly Meeting was set off from Indiana Meeting 

 in 1872, and has members in Kansas, western 

 Missouri, northwestern Arkansas, and the Indian 

 Territory. 



The 14 yearly meetings in the United States 

 and Canada represent about 130 quarterly meet- 

 ings and 350 monthly meetings. 



The Five Years' Meeting. A national or- 

 ganization of the Friends of the Orthodox branch 

 in the United States was effected at Indianapolis, 



