284 



GERMANY. 



horses, 1,017,683 cattle, 315,965 sheep, and 512,- 

 485 hogs; in Baden, 75,395 horses, 651,604 cattle, 

 67,828 sheep, and 497,917 hogs; in other German 

 -tat.-s, 3S<t.203 horses, 1,726,983 cattle, 67,828 

 sheep, and 497,917 hogs. 



The forests cover 34,473,000 acres, over 25 per 

 cent, of the total area of German}'. The chief 

 mining districts of Germany are the coal and 

 iron fields of Westphalia, the Rhine Province, and 

 Silesia in Prussia and those of Lorraine. In Sax- 

 ony there are coal, iron, and silver mines. Silver 

 and copper are mined in the Harz mountains, and 

 Silesia has zinc-mines. The total production of 

 coal in 1900 was 109,271,700 tons; of brown coal, 

 40,279,300 tons; of iron ore, 18,964,400 tons; of 

 zinc ore, 639,200 tons; of lead ore, 148,200 tons; 

 of copper ore, 747,800 tons; of rock salt, 927,800 

 tons; of salts of potash, 3,052,900 tons; of other 

 minerals, 401,800 tons; total value of minerals 

 produced in Germany and Luxembourg, 1,262,- 

 000.000 marks. The quantity of pig iron smelted 

 in 1899 was 8,143,132 metric tons; of zinc, 153,155 

 tons; of lead, 129,225 tons; of copper, 34,634 

 tons; of silver, 468 tons; of tin, 1,481 tons; pro- 

 duction of sulfur and sulfuric acid, 834,329 tons. 

 The value of pig iron was 455,875,000 marks; of 

 zinc, 72,951,000 marks; of lead, 37,260,000 marks; 

 of copper, 50,076,000 marks; of silver, 37,832,000 

 marks; of tin, 3,483,000 marks; of sulfur and 

 sulfuric acid, 23,092,000 marks. There were 

 2,605 kilograms of gold extracted, value 7,259,- 

 000 marks. The production of nickel, bis- 

 muth, and vitriol and chemical manufactures 

 was 37,900 tons, valued at 13,215,000 marks. 

 The total value of foundry products was 701,- 

 043,000 marks. The production of manufactured 

 iron in 1899 was 9,309,402 tons, value 1,355,995,- 

 000 marks. There were 286,597 men employed in 

 the manufacture of iron and steel and 423,320 in 

 the coal-mines. The imports of iron and iron 

 manufactures in 1901 were 582,455 tons less, and 

 those, of machinery, tools, and vehicles 37,961 

 tons less than in 1900, whereas exports increased 

 respectively 798,683 and 6,188 tons. The number 

 of boats engaged in the North Sea fisheries in 

 1901 was 541, of 35,951 tons, with 3,847 men in 

 the crews. The exports of fresh fish in 1900 were 

 4,250,000 marks in value, while 25,867,000 marks' 

 \\ c.i tli of fresh fish, 38,016,000 marks' worth of 

 salt herrings, and 8,476,000 marks' worth of other 

 salted, dried, and canned fish were imported. 

 There were 399 sugar factories in 1899, which 

 consumed 12,439,301 metric tons of beet-roots, 

 producing 1,691,258 tons of raw sugar and 307,133 

 tons of molasses. The production of refined 

 sugar in 1900 was 1,215,205 tons. In 26 starch 

 factories were produced 8,681 tons of dry sugar, 

 35,905 tons of sirup, and 4,976 tons of color. The 

 production of beer in 1899 was 69,299,000 hecto- 

 liters, of which 49,209,000 hectoliters were brewed 

 in the imperial excise district, 17,739,000 hecto- 

 liters in Bavaria, 4,128,000 hectoliters in Wiirtem- 

 berg, 3,095,000 hectoliters in Baden, and 1,128,- 

 000 hectoliters in Alsace-Lorraine. There were 

 59,024 distilleries in 1900, which produced 3.667,- 

 820 hectoliters of alcohol. 



The total value of special imports in 1901 was 

 5,9(57,017,000 marks, and of special exports 4,759,- 

 407,000 marks. In 1900 the value of imports in 

 the special trade was 6.042,992.000 marks, and 

 that of exports 4,752.001.000 marks. The im- 

 ports of live animals in 1900 were 178,443.000 

 marks in value, and exports 21.114,000 marks; 

 imports of animal products were 211,063,000 

 marks, and exports 41,547.000 marks; imports 

 of articles of consumption were 1.584,429.000 

 marks, and exports 496,467,000 marks; imports 



of seeds and plants were 66,925,000 marks, and 

 exports 43,268,000 marks; imports of fuel were 

 222,157,000 marks, and exports 286,216,000 

 marks; imports of fats and oils were 359,958,000 

 marks, and exports 36.630,000 marks; imports of 

 chemicals, drugs, and colors were 331,365,000 

 marks, and exports 397,017,000 marks; imports 

 of stone, clay, and glass were 90,715,000 marks, 

 and exports 201,635,000 marks; imports of metals 

 and metal goods were 768,216,000 marks, and ex- 

 ports 783,282,000 marks; imports of wood and 

 wood manufactures were 337,275,000 marks, and 

 exports 169,582,000 marks; imports of paper and 

 paper manufactures were 31,290,000 marks, and 

 exports 131,350,000 marks; imports of textile 

 materials and manufactures were 1,273,311,000 

 marks, and exports 1,098,750,000 marks; imports 

 of leather and leather manufactures were 281,544,- 

 000 marks, and exports 266,293,000 marks; im- 

 ports of rubber and rubber goods were 86,368,000 

 marks, and exports 64,775,000 marks; imports of 

 railroad materials and rolling-stock were 9,615,- 

 000 marks, exports 37,885,000 marks; imports of 

 hardware, etc., were 27,713,000 marks, and ex- 

 ports 163,305,000 marks; imports of books and 

 works of art were 44,292,000 marks, and exports 

 157,875,000 marks; miscellaneous exports were 

 10,746,000 marks in value. The total value of 

 dutiable imports was 2,961,207,000 marks, paying 

 in duties 521,113,000 marks, an average rate of 

 17.6 per cent.; value of imports free of duty, 

 3,081,785,000 marks. The imports of horses were 

 77,556,000 marks in value; of hogs, 5,088,000 

 marks; of wheat the value of 171,117,000 marks 

 was imported; of rye, 96,049,000 marks; of bar- 

 ley, 92,484,000 marks. Imports of coffee were 

 155,828,000 marks. The value of petroleum im- 

 ports was 77,240,000 marks. The imports of 

 hides and skins amounted to 163,932,000 marks. 

 The imports of raw cotton were in value 340,735,- 

 000 marks; of raw wool, 261,645,000 marks; of 

 woolen yarn, 110,575,000 marks: of raw silk, 

 108,244,000 marks. The value exported of cotton 

 cloth was 88,715,000 marks, not including fine 

 goods; of mixed silk and cotton cloth, 110,410,000 

 marks; of woolen cloth, 166,389,000 marks; of 

 hosiery, 97,238,000 marks; of trimmings, etc., 

 131,668,000 marks. Exports of leather goods 

 were 72,793,000 marks in value; of paper, 74,128,- 

 000 marks. Wood manufactures were exported 

 to the amount of 84,677.000 marks. The export 

 of aniline dyes was 77,289,000 marks. The value 

 of sugar exports was 216,338,000 marks: exports 

 of hops, 25,286,000 marks. Coal and coke wore 

 exported to the amount of 272,707,000 marks. 

 The imports from and exports to various coun- 

 tries in the special trade of 1900 were valued in 

 marks as given in the table on page 285. 



The imports of gold and silver coin and bul- 

 lion in 1900 amounted to 257,962,000 marks, and 

 exports to 140,718,000 marks, against 280,984,000 

 marks of imports and 160.621.000 marks of ex- 

 ports for 1899. The quantity of merchandise im- 

 ports in 1901 was 44.304.857 metric tons/against 

 44.911,799 tons in 1900, and that of exports was 

 2,909,648 tons, against 2,638.407 tons. The val- 

 ues of imports showed a decrease of 75,975,000 

 marks, or 1.255 per cent., while the exports in- 

 creased 6,806,000 marks, or 0.144 per cent., in 

 value. 



Navigation. The number of vessels in both 

 foreign and coasting trades entered at German 

 ports in 1899 was 88,646, of 17,990,051 tons, of 

 which 77.414. of 16.786.697 tons, had cargoes and 

 11,232, of 1,203,354 tons, were in ballast; the 

 number cleared was 89.329, of 18.026.371 tons, of 

 which 65,839, of 12,323,746 tons, carried cargoes. 



