University of Pennsylvania, an increase of his 

 endowment, $300,000, making it $500,000. 



Whayne, Robert C., Louisville, Ky., bequests 

 to local charities, $40,000. 



Wheelock, Jerome, Worcester, Mass., bequests 

 to the town of Grafton, Mass., for a town hall, 

 $100,000; the city of Worcester for a bronze 

 statue of himself, $100,000; Harvard University 

 and Clark University, each $100,000; and to local 

 charities, $50,000. 



Whipple, Mrs. Evangeline M., Faribault, 

 Minn., gift to the Episcopal Cathedral of Our 

 Merciful Saviour, as a memorial to Bishop Henry 

 B. Whipple, a set of chimes, cost $10,000. 



White, Francis T., New York, gift to Earlham 

 College, Richmond, Ind., conditional on the raising 

 of $20,000 more to free the college from debt, 

 $25,000. 



White, Henry, gift to Johns Hopkins Uni- 

 versity, toward endowment fund, $5,000. 



Widener, Peter A. B., Philadelphia, Pa., gift 

 for building, equipment, and endowment of 

 Widener Memorial Training School for Crippled 

 Children, $2,000,000. 



Wilbur, Warren A., Fountain Hill, Pa., gift 

 to Lehigh University, toward equipment of its 

 mechanical laboratory, $5,000. 



Willis Avenue Methodist Church, Bronx 

 borough, New York, gifts from friends to extin- 

 guish debt, $43,000. 



Winthrop, Mrs. Mary J., New York city, be- 

 quest to Princeton (N. J.) Theological Seminary, 

 her entire residuary estate, estimated at $1,500,- 

 000. 



Woman's Christian Temperance Union, 

 Passaic, N. J., gifts from friends for a hall, 

 $15,000. 



Woman's College, Baltimore, gift from trus- 

 tees of the great Methodist thank-offering fund, 

 all the contributions paid in the limits of the 

 Baltimore Conference, exceeding $44,000. 



Wood, H. Holton, and wife, Boston, gift to 

 the city of Derby, Conn., a public library, cost 

 $50,000. 



Woodward, Col. Robert B., Brooklyn, N. Y., 



ift to Brooklyn Institute, for 2 funds, each 

 25,000. 



Wooster (Ohio), University of, gifts from 

 friends toward rebuilding the university, $400,000. 



Wright, J. Hood, Memorial Hospital, New 

 York city, gift from friends, $16,929.25. 



Wyman, William, Baltimore, Md., and 

 others, joint gift to Johns Hopkins University, 

 for a new site for the university, 175 acres in the 

 northern suburbs of Baltimore, valued at $1,000,- 

 000. 



Yale University, gift from the class of 1876, 

 to establish an Arthur Twining Hadley scholar- 

 ship, $5,000. 



Young Men's Christian Association, Brook- 

 lyn, N. Y., gift from friends, for a new building, 

 $150,000. 



Young Men's Christian Association, Doug- 

 las island, Alaska, gift from three mining com- 

 panies there, a furnished building, cost $6,000; 

 opened on Christmas. 



Zabriskie, N. Lansing, gift to Wells College, 

 for equipment of building given by Henry A. Mor- 

 gan, $25,000. 



Ziegler, William, New York, gift to Barnard 

 College, $10.000. 



GRANGE, NATIONAL. Numerically the 

 Grange reached its highest point about 1875, when 

 it had a paid-up membership of 750,000. Im- 

 mediately after this a serious decline set in, and 

 by 1888 the membership had been reduced to 100,- 

 000. Moreover, by the date last named the Grange 



GRANGE, NATIONAL. 



303 



had almost ceased to exist in the South and in the 

 Middle West. Iowa, Missouri, and Indiana, each 

 of which had about 2,000 granges in 1875, had 

 only a few score in 1888. Other organizations 

 came upon the field and took the public eye. 

 These things gave an impression that the Grange 

 was extinct. But its membership never has gone 

 much below the hundred-thousand mark ; it never 

 has missed an annual meeting; there has always 

 been a reserve fund in the treasury; and since 

 1888 there has been a steady, and even a remark- 

 able growth. The present membership is at least 

 250,000. During the last fiscal year about 16,000 

 members have been added, and about 350 new 

 subordinate granges organized. In Michigan the 

 order has increased since 1894 from 220 granges, 

 with about 8,000 members, to 550 granges, with 32,- 

 000 members. At present New York is the largest 

 grange State, with about 60,000 members; Maine 

 has about 35,000, and New Hampshire ranks fourth 

 with about 26,000. The Grange is still strongest 

 in New England, where it has about 100,000 

 members; and, considering agricultural resources 

 and population, it is weakest in the Middle West. 



The Grange was originally intended to minister 

 to the social and educational needs of the farming 

 class. Its founders never planned that it should 

 be a business agency or a political party. But 

 the so-called " Granger movement " which ought 

 not to be confounded with the real Grange move- 

 mentin the '70s swept the Grange off its feet. 

 Or perhaps it would be more correct to say that 

 the intensity of feeling on the part of the farmers 

 toward the railroads and the middlemen caused 

 the financial and legislative purposes of the 

 Grange to be vastly overemphasized. And the 

 decline of the Grange was largely because of dis- 

 appointment that it did not yield as prompt -re- 

 turns along these lines as many of its members 

 had looked for. In New England, however, this 

 " Granger movement " did not take place. There 

 the Grange grew more slowly, but it grew on its 

 merits. Its social and educational purposes were 

 constantly emphasized, and it gradually took its 

 place as a recognized social institution. The same 

 kind of growth has more recently taken place in 

 New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, and Michigan. 



The social work of the Grange is maintained 

 through its frequent meetings, through socials, 

 picnics, etc. The subordinate or local grange 

 meets semimonthly, and sometimes weekly. The 

 county or " Pomona " grange meets monthly or 

 quarterly. The State grange is an annual gather- 

 ing with a large number of delegates and visitors 

 from all parts of the State. The National Grange, 

 although a small body officially, draws a large 

 number of visiting members. All these meetings 

 give ample scope for social entertainment and 

 culture. The more truly educational work of the 

 order is encouraged through the presentation of 

 literary programs at each meeting of the county 

 and subordinate granges. The lecturer is virtually 

 the program committee, and through the efforts of 

 the national and State lecturers this form of work 

 is being rapidly systematized and extended. The 

 Grange also takes an active part in legislative af- 

 fairs, but always in a non-partizan way. Public 

 questions arc constantly discussed at the meet- 

 ings, and committees present the views and wishes 

 of the order before Legislatures and Congress. 

 Not a little legislation, both State and national, 

 has been secured through the assistance, and often 

 by the initiation of the Grange. The Grange also 

 renders financial assistance to the farmer, largely 

 through cooperative purchases and fire insurance. 

 The State grange makes contracts for goods at 

 reduced rates with wholesale or jobbing houses. 



