306 



GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. 



and the rural districts of the mainland increased 

 in population 0.87 per cent., but on the islands 

 the population decreased 3.4 per cent., the aver- 

 age increase for the whole of Scotland being 11.09 

 per cent. Glasgow in 1901 had 735,900 inhabit- 

 ants; Edinburgh, 316,479; Dundee. 160,871; Aber- 

 deen, 143,722. In Ireland 23.2 per cent, of the 

 people lived in towns of 10,000 inhabitants and 

 over. Dublin had 286.328 inhabitants, but in the 

 metropolitan police district there were 379,861; 

 Belfast had 348.876. 



The number of marriages in England and 

 Wales in 1900 was 257,139; of births, 926,304; of 

 deaths, 587,459; excess of births, 338,845. In 

 land the number of marriages was 32,449; of 

 births, 131,355; of deaths, 82,267; excess of births, 

 49,088. In Ireland the number of marriages was 

 Jl.:i30; of births, 101,459; of deaths, 87,606; ex- 

 cess of births, 13,853. The emigration from the 

 tinted Kingdom in 1901 was 302,848, against 

 _".'-.:>Gl in 1900. Of the emigrants 111,922 were 

 English, 20,954 Scotch, 39,194 Irish, and the rest 

 foreigners. The immigration of British and Irish 

 was 172,140, against 168,825 in 1900. Of these 

 104,257 were bound for the United States, 15,868 

 for British North America, 15,376 for Austral- 

 asia, 23,254 for Cape Colony and Natal, and 

 13.385 for other places. Of the emigrants who 

 sailed in 1900 from British ports, 177,447 were 

 males and 121,114 females. Of those* of British 

 and Irish origin, 96,102 were males and 72,723 

 females. There were 97,637 immigrants of Brit- 

 ish and Irish origin in 1900, so that the net de- 

 crease of native population by emigration was 

 only 71,188. The total number of immigrants 

 was 175,747, leaving the net emigration 122,814. 



Finances. The budget estimate of revenue for 

 the year ending March 31, 1901, was 127,520,- 

 000, and the estimated expenditure, including sup- 

 plementary estimates, was 184,599,627. The 

 actual receipts for the year were 130,384,684, 

 and -the actual expenditure w r as 183,592,264. 

 The year ended with a deficit of 53,207,580 to 

 be added to one of 13,882,502 for 1899. The 

 revenue collected by the Government in 1901 was 

 140,354,970, of which 9,710,034 were paid to 

 local taxation accounts, leaving for the ex- 

 chequer 130,384,684. Taxation produced 84 per 

 cent, of the whole. The net receipts from cus- 

 toms were 26,270,959, of which 12,838,578 

 were collected from tobacco, 6,264,515 from tea, 

 2.344,907 from rum, 1,417,346 from brandy, 

 1,007,509 from other spirits, 1,488,453 from 

 wines, 63,846 from currants, 189,783 from 

 coffee, 194,161 from raisins, 175,984 from 

 cocoa, and 285,877 from other articles. The 

 yield of excise duties was 33,286,588, of whic-h 

 19,206,690 were obtained from spirits, 13,490,- 

 620 from beer, 331,214 from railroads, 250,256 

 from license duties, and 7,808 from other 

 sources. The estate duty produced 8,489,872, 

 the temporary estate duty 20,625, the probate 

 duty 42,529, legacy duty 3,092,380, succes- 

 sion duty 793,016, corporation duty, 44,840; 

 total from death duties, etc., 12,483,262. The 

 yield from stamps, etc., was 7,886,857, of which 

 deeds produced 3,618,437, receipts 1,447.447, 

 bills of exchange 692,660, patent medicines 

 297,480, licenses 170.302, the duty on the 

 capital of companies 761,974, bonds to bearer 

 191,180, insurances 260.372. other sources 

 2447,005. The yield of the land tax was 765,- 

 869; of the house duty, 1,701,085; of the prop- 

 erty and income tax, 27,561,161. Of the non- 

 tax receipts, 20,689,155 in all. 13.776,886 came 

 from the post-office, 3.380.589 from the tele- 

 graph service 464,444 from Crown lands, 830,- 



075 from interest on Suez Canal shares, and 

 2,237,161 from miscellaneous sources, including 

 947,553 from fee stamps, 923,997 from the 

 mint, 178,188 from the Bank of England, and 

 187,423 from various sources. The expenditure 

 in 1901 under the head of consolidated fund 

 charges was 22,557,264, of which 15,106,532 

 were for interest on the funded debt, 2,756,612 

 for terminable annuities, 415,254 for interest 

 of unfunded debt, and 174,310 for management 

 of the debt, making the national-debt service 

 18,452,708, not including 1,382,780 of interest 

 on the war debt outside of the fixed chaise. 

 Other consolidated fund charges were 40!).4.">2 

 for the civil list, 259,905 for annuities and pen- 

 sions, 78,872 for salaries, etc., 515,848 for 

 courts of justice, and 305,330 of miscellaneous 

 payments. The expenditure for the supply serv- 

 ices was 161,035,000, of which 91,505,900 went 

 for the army, 204,100 for ordnance factories, 

 29,520,000 for the navy, 23,500,000 for civil 

 services, 2,834,000 for customs and internal 

 revenue, 8,963,000 for the post-office, 3,737,000 

 for the telegraph service, and 771,000 for 

 packet service. In addition to the ordinary ex- 

 penditures, amounting to 183,592,264, there 

 were expenditures under the barracks act of 

 56,087; under the telegraph acts, 1,060,000; 

 under the naval works act, 2,135,000; under the 

 military works act, 1,200,000; under the land 

 registry act, 25,000; total, 4,914,587. The 

 money raised by creating additional debt under 

 the war loan acts of 1900 amounted to 52,163,- 

 300; and bills were renewed to the amount of 

 24,133,000. The balance in the exchequer on 

 April 1, 1900, was 3,517.047. The gross re- 

 ceipts during 1901 were 241,176,686, and the 

 gross disbursements were 239,096,815, leaving 

 a balance of 5,596,918 on March 31, 1901. The 

 cost of the British army for the year ending 

 March 31, 1902, was estimated at 87,915,000, 

 not including 3,866,539 of, appropriations in 

 aid. The expenditure on effective services was 

 83,970,500, including 15,977,000 for transport 

 and remounts, 18,782,000 for provisions and for- 

 age, 13,902,600 for general staff and regimental 

 pay, 13,450,000 for warlike stores, 4,825,000 

 for clothing, 3,281,000 for works and buildings, 

 2,650,000 for the South African local forces, 

 2.540,000 for gratuities to troops, 2. (502. 000 

 for the militia, 1,230,000 for the auxiliary vol- 

 unteer corps, 375,000 for the yeomanry, 650,- 

 000 for the colonial contingents, 630,000 for the 

 China expeditionary force, 1,000,000 for yeo- 

 manry and volunteers in the reserves, 200,000 

 for the regular army reserve, 1,088.600 for 

 medical establishments, 84,900 for the chap- 

 lains' department, 119,200 for military educa- 

 tion, 218,2,00 for miscellaneous services, and 

 305,000 for the War Office. For pensions, re- 

 tired pay, and other non-effective services the 

 disbursements amounted to 3.944.500. The es- 

 timated cost of the navy, not including 1,089,- 

 473 of appropriations in aid, was 30,875,500 in 

 1902, of which 14,676,000 went for ship-building 

 and repairs, 5,760,000 for wages of officers, sea- 

 men, and marines, 3,919,700 for naval arma- 

 ments, 1.892,000 for victualing and clothing. 

 279.600 for the Admiralty Office, 1.023.100 for 

 works and buildings, 219,000 for medical es- 

 tablishments, 292,100 for the naval reserves, 

 100,600 for educational services, 65.800 

 for scientific services, 16.200 for martial law, 

 and 359,500 for miscellaneous services, ma- 

 king a total of 28,603.900 for effective services, 

 while for pensions, half-pay, etc., the expendi- 

 tures were 2,271,000. The estimates for civil 



