310 



GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. 



1,000 marines, 398 miscellaneous, 500 stokers, 100 

 electricians, 210 other artisans, and 100 appren- 

 ticed shipwrights and coopers. The naval reserve 

 numbered 23,000 seamen. Parliament authorized 

 the gradual increase in five years of ilag-oilicers 

 from 08 to 80, of captains from 208 to 245, of 

 commanders from 304 to 350, of lieutenants 

 from 1.150 to 1,550, of engineer officers from 950 

 to 1,050, of doctors from 450 to 490, of gunners 

 and boatswains from 920 to 1,150, of chief car- 

 penter- from 18 to 20, of carpenters from 207 to 

 iMn. The canteen system is to be improved, the 

 number of meals on shipboard increased from 3 

 ti. .'i. and the standard of living for the sailors 

 macle to correspond in some degree with the 

 higher standard on land. The system of sub- 

 sidizing merchant steamers as auxiliary cruisers 

 has been altered, so that 18 of the fastest liners 

 will receive regular subsidies and be ready to 

 be converted at any time into war-ships and 30 



firers, their steam-power and nominal speed being 

 the same as in the latest models. The London, 

 Venerable, and Bulwark, of 14,700 tons, launched 

 in 1899, having 12-inch armor, are armed with 

 4 12-inch guns and 12 G-inch and 18 3-inch quick- 

 firers, and with engines of 15,000 horse-power 

 can make 18 knots an hour. Of the same size 

 and speed are the Formidable, Irresistible, and 

 Implacable, launched in 1898 and 1899, which 

 carry, besides pairs of 12-inch guns, 12 6-inch 

 quick-firers, 16 3-inch quick-firers. These are of 

 the same type as the Canopus, launched in 1897, 

 of 12,950 tons, whose secondary armament con- 

 sists of 12 6-inch and 10 3-inch quick-firers and 

 whose speed, with engines of 13,500 horse-power, 

 is 18| knots, with 12 inches of armor amidships 

 and a 2-inch belt extending to the bow. Of the 

 same class are the Ocean, Goliath, Albion, Glory, 

 and Vengeance, the last of which was launched 

 in 1899. This class was an improvement on the 



THE NEW ADMIRALTY HARBOR, AT DOVER. 



others will be held at the disposal of the Gov- 

 ernment. 



The latest type of battle-ship, adopted for the 

 Kin},' Edward, Dominion, and Commonwealth, of 

 16,500 tons, with armor of 12 inches thickness 

 and engines of 18,000 horse-power, designed to 

 give a speed of 19 knots, has an armament of 4 

 12-inch breech-loaders in turrets on the main 

 deck, 4 9.2-inch quick-firers in smaller turrets 

 above, and 10 6-inch and 28 3-inch quick-firers. 

 The Queen and Prince of Wales, of 15,000 tons, 

 with 12-inch armor at the water-line and engines 

 of 18,000 horse-power, giving a speed of 19 knots, 

 carry 4 12-inch guns in fore and aft turrets, 12 

 6-inch quick-firers in armored casemates, and 18 

 3-inch quick-firers. This arrangement was fol- 

 lowed in all battle-ships from the Royal Sover- 

 eign, launched in 1891. and her predecessor, the 

 Hood, and sisters, the Empress of India. Repulse, 

 Royal Oak, Ramillies, Resolution, and Revenge, 

 until it waa changed in the King Edward class, 

 which has a complete armored battery on the 

 main deck. The Duncan. Cornwnllis. Ruasell, Ex- 

 mouth, Montagu, and Albemarle, of 14.000 tons, 

 have 1 1 inches of armor and. besides pairs of 12- 

 inch guns, carry 12 6-inch and 12 3-inch quick- 



Majestic, of 14,900 tons, lauched in 1895 and 

 1896, including the Magnificent. Prince George, 

 Victorious, Jupiter, Caesar, Hannibal, Illustrious, 

 and Mars, which have 14 inches of armor amid- 

 ships, can steam 17 knots with engines of 

 12,000 horse-power, and carry 12 6-inch and 16 

 3-inch quick-firers besides 4 12-inch guns in the 

 turrets, which were first introduced in this class. 

 The newest type of armored cruiser is that of 

 the Drake, King Alfred, Leviathan, and Good 

 Hope, of 14,100 tons, which with engines of 

 30,000 horse-power are designed to steam -'.I 

 knots an hour, and are armed with 2 9.2-inch 

 guns and 16 6-inch and 14 3-inch quick-firers. 

 The Berwick, Cornwall, Cumberland, Donegal. 

 Lancaster, and Suffolk, of 9,800 tons, will carry 

 14 7.5-inch and numerous small quick-firers. The 

 Kent, Monmouth, Bedford, and Essex, of 9.siui 

 tons, will carry 14 6-inch and numerous smaller 

 quick-firers and with engines of 22.000 hor-*e- 

 power are expected to make 22 knots. The 

 Cressy, Hogue. Aboukir, Sutlej. Euryalus. and 

 Bacchante, launched in 1899 and 1900, of 12.000 

 tons displacement, with an armament of 2 9.2- 

 inch guns in turrets and 12 6-inch and 14 3-inch 

 quick-firers protected by casemates, have engines 





