328 



GREECE. 



GUAM GUATEMALA. 



ments in gold on the public debt amounted to 

 15,030,669 drachmas, of which 12,251,952 drach- 

 mas went to holders of coupons, 6,087,000 drach- 

 mas of this to England, 3,131.000 drachmas to 

 France, and 524,229 drachmas to Greek bondhold- 

 ers. The mean rate of exchange was 165. 



The Army and Navy. The authorized 

 strength of the regular army in 1901 was 61 offi- 

 cers and 1 man on the general staff and in the 

 Ministry of War, 101 officers and 1,285 men in the 

 engineer corps, 218 officers and 2,247 men in the 

 artillery, 96 officers and 1,265 men in the cavalry, 

 873 officers and 9,995 men in the infantry and 

 rifles, 355 officers and 417 men in general services, 

 28 officers and 75 men in military schools, and 

 144 officers and 3,918 men in the gendarmerie; 

 total, 1,876 officers and 19,203 men, with 3,216 

 horses, 703 mules, and 180 guns. The period of 

 service is two years with the colors and ten 

 years in the reserve, and in case of war 82,000 

 men could be mobilized, and 96,000 more in the 

 National Guard, which comprises able-bodied 

 Hellenes between the ages of thirty-three and 

 fifty-one. 



The naval force consists of the belted cruisers 

 Hydra, Spetsai, and Psara, of 4,885 tons, built in 

 18*89 and 1890, which carry 3 10.6-inch guns in 

 turrets and 28 smaller guns; 2 old ironclads 

 armed with a pair of 6.6-inch Krupps and 10 

 small guns; 16 unprotected cruisers and gun- 

 boats; and 7 large torpedo-boats and 44 small 

 ones. The navy was manned in 1901 by 363 offi- 

 cers, 40 cadets, and 3,379 petty officers, stokers, 

 and seamen. Conscripts among the seafaring 

 population are drafted into the navy and other 

 sailors are enlisted. 



Production, and Industry. Of the total area 

 of Greece about 2,300,000 acres are under crops, 

 vineyards, or orchards, 1,200,000 acres are fallow, 

 2,000,000 acres are forest, 5,000,000 acres are 

 pasture, and 3,000,000 acres are unproductive. 

 About 7,000,000 bushels of wheat, 3,000,000 bush- 

 els of barley, 2,700,000 bushels of corn, and 

 7,000,000 bushels of other grain are raised. Cere- 

 als occupy 1,111,500 acres; cotton is grown on 

 14,800 acres, and tobacco on 12,000 acres; the 

 area under currants, the peculiar crop of Greece, 

 on which its prosperity has largely depended, is 

 168,000 acres, while olives cover 432,000 acres, 

 vineyards 336,000 acres, and figs and other fruits 

 52,000 acres. The average crop of currants is 

 150,000 tons. Under the retention law of 1895, 

 renewed for ten years in 1899, the Government 

 retains 10 per cent, or more of the currant-crop, 

 which is used for wine or brandy. The crop in 

 1900 was 51,300 tons, of which 45,700 tons were 

 available for export and 40,255 tons were export- 

 ed. The crop of valonia was 7,700 tons. In Mes- 

 senia, where the silkworm is grown, 44,000 

 pounds of cocoons were produced and 37,400 

 pounds of silk were spun. About 8,240 tons of 

 olive-oil soap are manufactured annually. In the 

 Laurium district, where French capital has been 

 invested, the mining products in 1900 included 

 320.245 tons of manganese ore, 171,377 tons of 

 hematite, 18,505 tons of zinc ore, 1,552 tons of 

 galena, and 264,614 tons of inferior lead ore 

 yielding 16,719 tons of silver lead. 



The total value of special imports in 1900 was 

 129.986,066 drachmas in gold; of exports, 102,- 

 089,318 drachmas. The imports of cereals were 

 33.594,882 drachmas in value; of tissues and 

 yarn, 16,484,828 drachmas; of coal and minerals, 

 14,951,885 drachmas; of lumber. 11,142,801 drach- 

 mas; of fish and caviar, 6,166.305 drachmas; of 

 metals and ores, 5,644,493 drachmas; of chemi- 

 cals, 4,164,055 drachmas; of hides and skins, 



3,388,853 drachmas; of live animals, 3,370,954 

 drachmas; of paper, 3,898,032 drachmas; of 

 coffee, 2,748,584 drachmas; of sugar, 2,569,526 

 drachmas; of earthenware and glass, 2,020,885 

 drachmas; of rice, 1,642,630 drachmas; of colors, 

 1,294,367 drachmas. The exports of dried cur- 

 rants were 52,890,540 drachmas In value; of ores, 

 20,810,742 drachmas; of wine, 4,812,675 drach- 

 mas; of tobacco, 3,564,843 drachmas; of figs, 

 2,429,768 drachmas; of olive-oil, 2,344,225 drach- 

 mas; of valonia, 1,619,101 drachmas; of silk and 

 cocoons, 1,418,140 drachmas; of sponges, 884,760 

 drachmas; of brandy, 709,707 drachmas; of em- 

 ery, 633,088 drachmas; of gunpowder, 605,225 

 drachmas; of fruits, 286,782 drachmas; of olives, 

 281,834 drachmas; of soap, 187,530 drachmas; of 

 cement, 181,458 drachmas. 



Navigation. During 1900 there were 5,394 

 vessels, of 3,113,688 tons, entered and 5,223, of 

 3,101,066 tons, cleared at Greek ports. The mer- 

 chant navy on Jan. 1, 1901, comprised 927 sailing 

 vessels, of 183,877 tons, and 137 steamers, of 115,- 

 530 tons. 



Railroads and Telegraphs. The length of 

 railroads open in 1900 was 603 miles, and 300 

 miles were building. A line from the Piraeus 

 to the Turkish frontier, to be built with a loan 

 of 44,000,000 drachmas guaranteed by the Gov- 

 ernment, was begun in 1902 and is expected to 

 be completed in 1905. 



The telegraph-lines, inclusive of cables, had a 

 total length on Jan. 1, 1899, of 5,300 miles, and 

 the length of wire was 6,200 miles. The number 

 of despatches in 1899 was 1.771,506, of which 

 1,380,468 were paid internal, 25,124 official, and 

 365,914 international; receipts were 1,312,000 

 drachmas. The length of telephone-lines was 590 

 miles; number of conversations, 373,000. 



Politics and Legislation. The Chamber, al- 

 though the Government had a majority of 132 to 

 51, could transact no business in the early 

 months of the year on account of the obstruction 

 of the Opposition, which declared the formation 

 of the Zaimis ministry to have been unconsti- 

 tutional and demanded a dissolution. The budget 

 was voted on April 18 after the Chamber had 

 remained in session through the night, and on 

 April 21 the Chamber was prorogued without 

 having dealt with the bill for army reorganiza- 

 tion or effected any useful legislation, though 

 for the fatigues of the debates protracted into 

 the nights the members voted themselves extra 

 compensation. 



GUAM, the principal island of the Ladrone. or 

 Marianne, group, a possession of the United 

 States since 1898, used as a coaling station on 

 the route to the Philippines. It has an area of 

 about 200 square miles and a population of 

 9,000, two-thirds of whom live in Agaiia, the capi- 

 tal. The people are descendants of immigrants 

 from the Philippines. The island is w r ooded and 

 fertile. The Governor in 1902 was Commander 

 Seaton Schroeder. who was relieved in November 

 by Commander W. Sewell. The property of the 

 naval station was damaged on Sept. 22 by an 

 earthquake that destroyed most of the masonry 

 houses in Agafia and the other towns, inflicting 

 heavy loss on the people of the island, who had 

 not yet repaired the serious losses resulting 

 from the hurricane of 1900. 



GUATEMALA, a republic in Central Amer- 

 ica. The Congress is composed of a National 

 Assembly containing 69 members, 1 to 20.000 in- 

 habitants, elected for four years by adult male 

 suffrage, and a Council of State of 13 members, 

 part of whom are elected by the Assembly and 

 part appointed by the President. The President 



