HAYTI. 



329 





of the republic is elected for six years by the 

 direct vote of the people, and is ineligible for the 

 next succeeding term. Manuel Estrada Cabrera 

 was elected for the term that began on Feb. 8, 

 1899. The Secretary of the Interior and Justice 

 in 1902 was Juan J. Argueta; Secretary of For- 

 eign Affairs, Juan Barrios; Secretary of War, 

 Luis Molina; Secretary of Public Works and 

 Agriculture, Rafael Spinola; Secretary of Fi- 

 nance, Guillermo Aguirre; Secretary of Public 

 Instruction, J. A. Mandujano. 



Area and Population. The area of Guate- 

 mala is estimated at 48.290 square miles. The 

 population in 1900 was 1,574,340. The capital is 

 Guatemala la Nueva, which has 72,102 inhabit- 

 ants, of whom over 80 per cent, are of Euro- 

 pean origin. Of the indigenous population the 

 majority are pure Indians and the rest mostly 

 of mixed blood. 



Finances. The ordinary revenue in 1900 

 amounted to $9,139,872 in currency, and expendi- 

 ture to $11,870,667. The deficit was met by 

 means of an extraordinary revenue of $3,709,806, 

 making the total revenue $11,964,168. For 1901 

 the revenue was estimated at $9,770,000, of 

 which $4,340,000 came from customs, $3,760,000 

 from stamps and taxes, and $1,370,000 from 

 monopolies. The expenditure was estimated at 

 $9,611,200, of which $3,157,856 were for finance 

 and public credit, $1,998,200 for war, $1,513,915 

 for education, and $1,421,524 for the interior and 

 justice. The military force, which absorbs 10 

 per cent, of the revenue, consists of a standing 

 army of about 7,000 officers and men. 



The foreign debt was adjusted in 1895, and in 

 1901 the Corporation of Foreign Bondholders in 

 London found the amount of the 4-per-cent. 

 bonds outstanding to be 1,482,800, on which 

 there were 29,656 of certificates of unpaid in- 

 terest for 29,656 and later arrears from 1899 to 

 1901 amounting to 118,624, making a total of 

 1,631,080. There were besides 144,390 out- 

 standing of loans raised in 1897 and 1898. The 

 total gold debt was officially stated to be $9,352,- 

 694. The internal debt on Jan. 1, 1901, amount- 

 ed to $28,118,068 in silver. Great Britain made 

 a naval demonstration to enforce payment of the 

 debt to English creditors, and on April 18, 1902, 

 landed bluejackets at San Jos6 to suppress the 

 threatened resistance of the people and soldiers. 

 France and Germany also sent men-of-war to 

 San Jose to demand the payment of debts. 



Commerce and Production. The total value 

 of ^imports in 1898 was $4,850,471 in gold, and 

 of x exports $15,377,461 in currency, equal to 

 $4,881,730 in gold. In 1899 the value of imports 



was $4,117,659 in gold, and of exports $8,370,556. 

 The value of coffee exported in 1899 was $7,390,- 

 477; of rubber, $256,921; of hides -and skins, 

 $267,970; of sugar, $250,360. The public lands 

 are offered for sale to settlers at from $250 to 

 $500 per caballaria of 112J acres. Free grants are 

 made for school purposes or to villages or immi- 

 gration companies which undertake to make 

 roads. Under the decree of Jan. 14, 1899, every 

 landowner who plants 20,000 rubber-trees will re- 

 ceive 1 caballaria of the national domain. There 

 are plantations of cacao and tobacco, and on the 

 seashore bananas are cultivated. About 200,000 

 cattle graze on the high plateaus, where there 

 are 750,000 acres of rich pasture. Lead, tin, 

 copper, manganese, antimony, sulfur, and lig- 

 nite have been found. Salt is mined, and gold- 

 and silver-mines have been opened. 



Earthquakes occurring in succession from April 

 8 till April 24 did damage in all parts of the 

 republic and destroyed Patzum, Amatitlan, San 

 Marcos, Santa Lucia, Mazatenango, Solola, and 

 San Felipe. Quezaltenango was left in ruins. 

 The buildings and machinery on the plantations 

 in the largest coffee-growing district were wrecked. 

 Hundreds of persons were killed, and the prop- 

 erty loss amounted to millions of dollars. On 

 Oct. 24 the volcano of Santa Maria burst forth, 

 covering with ashes the country for 30 miles 

 around, the best coffee district in Guatemala. 

 The money loss is estimated at $5,000,000. The 

 inhabitants were suffocated by sulfurous gases, 

 about 7,000 in all, including the population of 

 10 Indian villages. Over 300,000 hundredweight 

 of coffee was destroyed with the plantations, 

 buildings, and cattle. Most of these properties 

 belonged to Germans. Distress and partial 

 famine afflicted the central and western part* 

 of the republic as a result of the disaster. Erup- 

 tions from new craters in November extended 

 the area of desolation. (See EARTHQUAKES ANI> 

 VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS.) 



Navigation. Fruit steamers from New Or- 

 leans call at Puerto Barrios and other ports. 

 The number of vessels entered in 1898 was 825; 

 cleared, 815. 



Railroads. There is a line of railroad from 

 the capital to San Jose, 75 miles, and a branch 

 runs from Santa Maria to Ratulul, 33 miles, 

 which will be carried to Mazatenango, 34 miles, 

 to connect with a new line which is being built 

 from Puerto Barrios to the capital, 210 miles, of 

 which 134 miles have been completed. When 

 the two railroads meet they will afford continu- 

 ous transit between the Atlantic and Pacific 

 coasts. 



H 



HAWAII. (See under UNITED STATES.) 

 HAYTI, a republic in the West Indies, occu- 

 pying the western third of the island of Hayti. 

 The legislative power is vested in the National 

 Assembly, consisting of a Senate and a House of 

 Representatives. The Senate has 39 members, 

 chosen for six years by the lower house from lists 

 submitted by the President and a college of elect- 

 ors. The members of the House of Representa- 

 tives, 95 in number, are elected for three years 

 by the votes of all adult male citizens having 

 visible means of support. The President is elect- 

 ed by the National Assembly for seven years. 

 Gen. Tiresias Simon Sam was elected on April 1, 

 1896, for the remainder of Gen. Hippolyte's term, 

 expiring May 15, 1902. The Cabinet in the be- 



ginning of 1902 contained the following members: 

 Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs and Wor- 

 ship, Brutus San Victor; Secretary of Finance and 

 Commerce, P. Faine; Secretary of the Interior 

 and Police, Tancrede Auguste ; Secretary of Agri- 

 culture and Public Works, C. Leconte; Secretary 

 of Justice and Public Instruction, Gedeus Ge- 

 deon; Secretary of War and Marine, V. Gui- 

 llaume. 



Area and Population. The area of the re- 

 public is estimated at 10.204 square miles. The 

 population was 1,210,625 in 1894, according to- 

 an ecclesiastical enumeration. Port-au-Prince, 

 the capital, has an estimated population of 

 61,000; Cape Haitien, 29,000; Les Cayes, 25,000. 

 Of the total population about 90 per cent, are 



