INDIA. 



333 



NATIVE STATES. 



I 



square miles, have 6,623,858; Alwar, area 3,144 

 square miles, has 2,743,556; Kota, area 3,784 

 square miles, has 2,441,420; Bhartpur, area 1,982 

 square miles, has 2,751,728. In Central India, 

 Indore, area 8,400 square miles, has about 7,600,- 

 000 population; Rewa, area 12,676 square miles, 

 has 1,600,000; Bhopal, area 6,997 square miles, 

 has 4,000,000; and Gwalior, area 29,047 square 

 miles, has 14,048,996. Of the Bombay states, 

 Cutch, with an area of 6,500 square miles, has 

 3,050,000 population; Kolhapur and dependencies, 

 area 2,855 square miles, have 4,100,614; Khairpur, 

 in Sind, area 6,109 square miles, has 1,212,715. 

 In Madras, Travancore, area 6,730 square miles, 

 has a population of 8,828,223; Cochin, area 1,362 

 square miles, has a population of 1,926,294. In 

 the Central Provinces the principal state is 

 Bastar, with an area of 13,002 square miles and a 

 population of 291,020. Of the Bengal states, Kuch 

 Behar, area 1,307 square miles, contains a popu- 

 lation of 2,164,490. The state of Rampur, in the 

 Northwest Provinces, on an area of 945 square 

 miles has 2,982,177 inhabitants. In the Punjab, 

 Patiala, with an area of 5,412 square miles, has a 

 population of 6,826,222; Kapurthala, 598 square 

 miles in extent, has about 2,000,000 ; Bahawulpur, 

 area 1,500 square miles, has 1,600,000. The birth- 

 rate in Bengal for 1900 was 38.68 per 1,000 and 

 the death-rate 36.63; in the Northwest Provinces 

 and Oudh the birth-rate was 40.34 and the death- 

 rate 31.13; in the Punjab the birth-rate was 41.1 

 and the death-rate 47.7 ; in the Central Provinces 

 the birth-rate was 31.87 and the death-rate 57.82; 

 in Lower Burma the birth-rate was 38.37 and the 

 death-rate 27.51; in Assam the birth-rate was 

 34.96 and the death-rate 30.64; in Madras the 

 birth-rate was 31.8 and the death-rate 23.4; in 

 Bombay the birth-rate was 26.87 and the death- 

 rate 70.07. The number of coolie emigrants 

 from India in 1900 was 17,166. The population 

 of the principal cities of India in 1901 w r as, accord- 

 ing to the provisional census returns, as follows: 

 Calcutta, 1,121,664, including suburbs; Bombay, 

 770,843; Madras, 509,397; Haidarabad, with 

 suburbs, 446,291; Lucknow, 263,951; Rangoon, 

 232,326; Delhi, 208,385; Benares, 203,095; Cawn- 

 pur, 197,000; Agra, 188,300; Mandalay, 182,498; 

 Allahabad, 175,748; Amritsar, 162,548; 'Bangalore, 

 159,550; Jaipur, 159,030; Howra, 157,847. The 

 Brahminic Hindus, who were the most numerous 

 element in the famine-stricken population, de- 

 clined in numbers betwe.cn 1891 and 1901 from 

 207,689,000 to 207,075,000. The diminution was 

 in males alone, and it occurred in native states, 

 while in British India, despite a falling off of 

 1.120,000 in Bombay and the Central Provinces, 

 there was a net increase of 3,400,000, which was 

 more than counterbalanced by a decrease of 4,013,- 

 000 in the native states, half of it in Rajputana. 

 The Mohammedans in ten years increased in 



numbers from 57,321,100 to 62,458,000, or 9 per 

 cent. The growth is attributed in part to the 

 relative prosperity of the regions where Moham- 

 medans reside and in part to conversions. In 

 Bengal they increased twice as fast as Hindus. 

 Buddhists increased from 6,888,000 to 9,184,000, 

 or 33 per cent. Their increase in Burma out- 

 stripped the rapid growth of the population as a 

 whole. In India proper there are only 287,000 

 Buddhists. The Sikhs, who dwell in native states 

 and in the Punjab, increased by 287,000 to 2,195.- 

 000. The Jains, living in Bombay and Rajputana, 

 were reduced from 1,417.000 to 1.334,000. The 

 animistic or pagan tribes of the hill country in 

 Bengal and Assam, the Central Provinces 'and 

 centra] India, Madras, Baroda, and Burma, num- 

 bered 8,584,000, a reduction of 696,000 from the 

 former census. The Christian population in- 

 creased in this year to 2,923,000, the Parsees 

 from 89,900 to 94,200, the Jews from 17,194 to 

 18,228. The reformed Hindus of the Brahmo- 

 Somaj number only 4,000, while the Orya Hindus, 

 another new sect of Brahmans not a quarter of a 

 century old, have grown to 67,000. Of the total 

 population 70 per cent, are Hindus, 21 per cent. 

 Mohammedans, 3 per cent. Buddhists, 3 per cent, 

 animists, 3 per cent. Christians, etc. 



Finances. The total revenue of British India 

 in 'the year ending March 31, 1900, was 1,029,557,- 

 468 rupees, and the total expenditure was 987,- 

 938,121 rupees, of which 742,045,431 rupees were 

 expended in India and 245,892,690 rupees in Eng- 

 land. The revenue for 1901, according to the re- 

 vised estimates, was 1,127,490,500 rupees, and the 

 expenditure 1,102,884,500 rupees. For 1902 the 

 budget estimate of revenue was 1,082,878,000 ru- 

 pees, of which 272,559,000 rupees were land rev- 

 enue, 276,414,000 rupees railroad receipts, 89,068,- 

 000 rupees salt revenue, 68,140,000 rupees revenue 

 from opium, 50,209,000 rupees stamp-duties, 59,- 

 506,000 rupees excise duties, 40,839,000 rupees 

 provincial rates, 47,821,000 rupees customs duties, 

 19,559,060 rupees assessed taxes, 18,817,000 ru- 

 pees forest revenues, 4,521,000 rupees registration 

 dues, 9,613,000 rupees tribute, 10,235,000 rupees 

 interest, 33,074,000 rupees revenue from the post- 

 office, telegraphs, and mint, 18,146.000 rupees re- 

 ceipts of the civil departments, 8.606.000 rupees 

 miscellaneous receipts, 37.298,000 rupees receipts 

 from irrigation works, 6,606,000 rupees receipts 

 from other public works, and 11.847,000 rupees 

 receipts of the military department. The budget 

 estimate of expenditures for 1902 was 1.075.254.000 

 rupees, of which 2,740.000 rupees were charged 

 to provincial balances, leaving expenditure of 

 the Indian exchequer 1.072.514,500 rupees. Of the 

 total expenditure the railroads took 278,886,500 

 rupees; the army services, 257.030.500 rupees: civil 

 salaries, etc., 171,883,000 rupees ; costs of collection, 

 97,922,000 rupees; miscellaneous civil charges, 

 61,987,000 rupees; irrigation. 36,082.000 rupees; 

 other public works, 72,871,000 rupees; the post- 



