INDIA. 



335 



rigated by major works, which paid a revenue of 

 37,725,507 rupees, and 7,201,578 acres by minor 

 works, realizing a revenue of 56,534,366 rupees. 

 The irrigation works, for which a capital account 

 is kept, paid 6.10 per cent, on their capital in 1899 

 and 1900. The value of the crops that they ir- 

 rigated is estimated at 460,000,000 rupees. 



There were 190 cotton-mills in 1901, with 4,932,- 

 602 spindles and 40,542 looms, employing on the 

 average 156,039 persons, with 165,304,591 rupees 

 of capital invested; 35 jute-mills, having 315,264 

 spindles and 15,242 looms, employing 110,462 per- 

 sons, in which the capital investment was 54,- 

 050,000 rupees; 4 woolen-mills, with 22,986 

 spindles and 594 looms; and 8 paper-mills, em- 

 ploying 4,871 persons, having a capital of 7,022,- 

 000 rupees, and producing 46,500,000 pounds of 

 paper. in 1900, valued at 6,251,748 rupees. The 

 quantity of beer brewed in 1900 was 4,951,666 

 gallons. The output of coal from 286 mines was 

 6,118,692 tons, valued at 20,146,222 rupees. The 

 number of persons employed in the mines was 

 89,188. The imports of coal and coke in 1901 were 

 only 127,318 tons, including pressed fuel. 



The total value of imports by sea in the year 

 ending March 31, 1901, was 1,054,713,514 rupees, 

 an increase of 9.55 per cent, on the imports of 

 the preceding year; total value of exports by sea, 

 1,219,908,103 rupees, an increase of 4.23 per cent. 

 The value of imports comprised 808,945,896 ru- 

 pees of merchandise and 245,767,618 rupees of 

 treasure; the total value of exports comprised 

 1,077,634,157 rupees of merchandise and 142,273,- 

 946 rupees of treasure. Excluding Government 

 stores and treasure, the imports were 762,778,853 

 rupees of merchandise and 164,636,080 rupees of 

 treasure, a total of 927,414,933 rupees; and the 

 exports were 1,074,138,798 rupees of merchandise 

 and 74,744,551 rupees of treasure, a total of 1,148,- 

 883,349 rupees. The exports of domestic merchan- 

 dise were 1,042,053,484 rupees; foreign merchan- 

 dise reexported, 32,085,314 rupees. The imports 

 of merchandise and treasure, excluding" Govern- 

 ment stores and treasure, into Bengal were 376,- 

 184,298 rupees, and exports from Bengal 557,818,- 

 886 rupees; in Burma the imports were 69,915,- 

 067 rupees, and exports 100,817,147 rupees; in 

 Madras the imports were 74,212,132 rupees, and 

 exports 120,054,963 rupees; in Bombay the im- 

 ports were 361,132,423 rupees, and exports 336,- 

 285,061 rupees; in Sind the imports were 45,971,- 

 013 rupees, and exports 33,907,292 rupees. Ex- 

 cluding Government stores, imports of live 

 animals in 1901 were 4,873,197 rupees in value, 

 and exports 2,187,491 rupees; imports of articles 

 of food and drink were 120,725,412 rupees, and 

 exports 263,045,344 rupees; imports of hardware 

 and cutlery were 18,414,739 rupees, and exports 

 226,007 rupees; imports of metals were 64,314,- 

 853 rupees, and exports 4,335,292 rupees; imports 

 of machinery were 22,575,592 rupees, and exports 

 6,747 rupees; imports of railroad materials and 

 rolling-stock were 13,411,195 rupees, and exports 

 162.349 rupees; imports of chemicals, drugs, and 

 colors were 22,256,241 rupees, and exports 128,- 

 883,296 rupees; imports of oils were 37,570,198 

 rupees, and exports 6,565,180 rupees; imports of 

 raw materials were 37,075,368 rupees, and exports 

 427,160,535 rupees; imports of textile fabrics and 

 yarns were 339,011,763 rupees, and exports 139,- 

 923.482 rupees; imports of clothing were 15,397,- 

 776 rupees, and exports 2,019,814 rupees; imports 

 of other articles were 67,152,519 rupees, and ex- 

 ports 67,537,947 rupees; total imports of private 

 merchandise, 762,778,853 rupees; total exports of 

 private merchandise, 1,042,053,484 rupees. 



The value of cotton goods imported was 298,- 



353,421 rupees; of sugar, 56,552,163 rupees; of silk, 

 raw and manufactured, 26,827,510 rupees; of 

 woolen goods, 21,125,756 rupees; of .liquors, 16,- 

 169,094 rupees; of grain and pulse, 9,590,291, ru- 

 pees; of dyes and tanning materials, 6,761,936 ru- 

 pees; of glass, 7,551,762 rupees; of spices, 8,791,- 

 064 rupees; of salt, 5,660,075 rupees; of coal, 

 3,067,402 rupees; of paper, 4,529,996 rupees; of 

 umbrellas, 2,700,332 rupees. The exports of rice 

 were 132,191,491 rupees in value, of which Burma 

 furnished the value of 79,242,788 rupees, Bengal 

 43,865,982 rupees, Madras 5,147,545 rupees, Bom- 

 bay 3,163,866 rupees, and Sind 771,310 rupees. 

 The exports of wheat were only 300,832 rupees. 

 Opium exports amounted to 101,274,007 rupees, 

 61,224,355 rupees coming from Bengal and 33,- 

 330,002 rupees from Bombay. The value of seeds 

 exported was 90,140,351 rupees, of which 41,707,- 

 623 rupees came from Bengal, 40,990,484 rupees 

 from Bombay, and the rest mainly from Sind and 

 Madras. The exports of indigo were 21,359,808 

 rupees, of which 15,689,574 rupees came from 

 Bengal, 3,925,851 rupees from Madras, and the 

 rest from Bombay and Sind. Cotton exports 

 amounted to 101,274,007 rupees, of which 69,036,- 

 726 rupees were Bombay produce, 15,396,228 ru- 

 pees came from Madras, 10,281,663 rupees from 

 Sind, 5,990,757 rupees from Bengal, and Burma 

 exported the value of 568,633 rupees. The value 

 of cotton manufactures exported was 57,029,566 

 rupees; of raw jute, 108,677,562 rupees; of jute 

 manufactures, 108,677,562 rupees; of raw wool, 

 9,029,944 rupees; of wool manufactures, 2,964,332 

 rupees; of hides and skins, 114,826,371 rupees; of 

 dyes and tans, 5,940,105 rupees; of lac, 10,653,970 

 rupees; of raw silk and cocoons, 5,122,057 rupees; 

 of silk manufactures, 1,254,447 rupees; of oils, 

 6,565,180 rupees; of tea, 95,509,301 rupees; of cof- 

 fee, 12,284,498 rupees; of spices, 5,415,153 rupees; 

 of sugar, 1,709,504 rupees; of wood, 10,706,089 ru- 

 pees; of saltpeter, 3,395,324 rupees; of provisions, 

 5,775,562 rupees. The imports of gold bullion and 

 specie on Government and private account during 

 the year ending March 31, 1901, amounted to 118,- 

 980,197 rupees, and exports to 110,558,846 rupees; 

 imports of silver were 126,787,421 rupees in value, 

 and exports 31,715,100 rupees. The values in ru- 

 pees of merchandise imports from and exports to 

 various countries during the year ending March 

 31, 1901, are given in the following table: 



Of the total sea-borne commerce for 1901, ex- 

 ports and imports, Calcutta had 860,184,677- ru- 

 pees; Bombay, 535,083,953 rupees; Rangoon, 

 139,682,716 rupees; Madras, 110,093,034 rupees; 

 Karachi, 78,794,651 rupees; Tuticorin, 24,681,687 

 rupees. Of the merchandise 626,867,038 rupees of 

 imports and 695,257,737 of exports passed through 



