MEXICO. 



MONACO. 



405 



of warfare. They fought bravely in the army of 

 Gen. Iturbide for Mexican independence, and 

 when left to themselves they prospered and in- 

 creased, raising grain and working silver- and cop- 

 per-mines. The copper-mines, the best in Mexico, 

 in the course of the last war were seized by the 

 Mexican Government and now belong to Amer- 

 ican companies. The cession of a part of their 

 lands to the United States in 1848 by the peace 

 of Guadalupe Hidalgo was the first of their griev- 

 ances against the Mexican Government, and 

 many others have arisen since. In the resulting 

 war the property of the tribe and thousands of 

 warriors have been sacrificed and over 20,000 

 Mexican soldiers have fallen in battles and skir- 

 mishes in eastern Sonora and northern Chihua- 

 hua. The women worked to earn money to pro- 

 vide arms and ammunition, made powder and 

 bullets, defended the mountain passes, and some- 

 times fought in the regular battles. In the be- 

 ginning the Yaquis were oftener successful than 

 the Mexicans. The Yaquis formally rebelled 

 against the Government and asserted their inde- 

 pendence in 1878, and Gen. Cajemi, their Gov- 

 ernor, took command of the rebel army, which 

 for seven years held the mountain strongholds 

 ind passes against 5,000 Mexicans under Gen. 

 ^esqueira. Two years after Cajemi was shot the 

 lefensive war was continued. When the Mexi- 

 cans at last penetrated their country and cap- 



and Chihuahua. Before the end of 1898 the Ya- 

 quis again declared war, on the ground that the 

 Government took away their boys and. girls from 

 the reservations to be educated in Government 

 schools. An attempt was made in July, 1902, to 

 surround and capture about 150 braves in the 

 San Mateo foothills by the stealthy advance of 

 several columns. The Indians learned of the 

 movement, slipped into the valley before the ad- 

 vance, and after strangling the sentries mas- 

 sacred one column in the darkness, and bound 

 the officers to trees before an alarm could be 

 raised. Their boys become sharpshooters at six- 

 teen and all are provided with Winchesters. In 

 order to cut off supplies from the strongholds 

 and prevent boys from joining the fighters the 

 Government in August, 1902, decreed that every 

 Yaqui of either sex, whether living in the pueblos 

 or working on ranches, must be treated as a pris- 

 oner of war. Then men are put in chain-gangs 

 at Hermosillo, the women and children sent to 

 a reservation in southe.rn Mexico, the boys placed 

 in a military school at Vera Cruz to be trained 

 for the Mexican army. 



MICHIGAN. (See under. UNITED STATES.) 

 MINNESOTA. (See under UNITED STATES.) 

 MISSISSIPPI. (See under UNITED STATES.) 

 MISSOURI. (See under UNITED STATES.) 

 MONACO. The principality of Monaco is an 

 enclave in the department of the Alpes Maritimes, 



I hired their mines their bands began to raid the 

 surrounding country, and women and non-com- 

 batant men and boys went out to earn in mines, 

 ranches, and fisheries the means of keeping up 

 hostilities. The peace of Ortiz was brought about 

 by the mediation of American miners in Sonora 



with a front on the sea. The reigning prince is 

 Albert, born Nov. 13, 1848. who succeeded his 

 father, Charles III, on Sept. 10, 1889. The area 

 of the principality is 8 square miles and the 

 population is 15,180, of whom 3,292 are in the 

 town of Monaco and 3,794 in the town of Monte 



