OBITUARIES, AMERICAN. (NEEDHAM-OSMUN.) 



jresent at the sieges of Capua and Gaeta, and 



jld sketches of the events he witnessed to peri- 

 odicals in the United States, France, and Eng- 



ind. He then returned to New York, and in 

 1862 became a regular contributor to Harper's 

 "Teekly. The civil war gave him abundant op- 

 sortunity, and he was often sent to the front to 

 sketch battle and camp scenes. He developed 

 into a political cartoonist as the armed conflict 

 subsided, espousing the Republican cause with 

 vigor. His pictorial attacks on the Tweed ring 

 contributed not a little to the downfall of that 

 corrupt oligarchy. Many of his creations have 

 passed into types. It was he who invented the 

 tiger as the symbol of Tammany Hall, the ele- 

 phant as the emblem of the Republican party, 

 and the donkey as representing the Democracy. 

 When there was question of reducing the military 

 and naval appropriations, he depicted the Uni- 

 ted States army as a skeleton, a timely defense, 

 which was afterward acknowledged by the pres- 

 entation to him of a silver vase by 3,500 officers 

 and enlisted men of the army and navy. In 1872 

 his cartoons were conspicuous in the campaign 

 against Mr. Greeley. In that year he began the 

 publication of Nast's Illustrated Almanac, which 

 he continued for several years. In 1873 he visited 

 the larger cities of the country, lecturing and illus- 

 trating his lectures with cartoons drawn in the 

 presence of the audience. In 1876 he made car- 

 toons on the Hayes-Tilden campaign, represent- 

 ing Mr. Tilden as a sphinx. In 1884 he was on 

 the Democratic side, opposing Mr. Elaine in a 

 very bitter manner. Soon afterward he left Har- 

 per's Weekly. Nast was in comfortable circum- 

 stances at one time, but nearly all his savings 

 were lost in the Grant & Ward failure in 1884, 

 and he again took to lecturing. In 1892 he es- 

 tablished Nast's Weekly, openiffg a campaign 

 against police corruption in New York, which 

 was of brief duration. In 1894 he visited Lon- 

 don to do special work for the Pall Mall Maga- 

 zine, but soon returned and devoted himself to 

 illustrating books, including an edition of Robin- 

 son Crusoe, and the works of Petroleum V. Nasby 

 and other comic writers. On May 2, 1902, he 

 was appointed consul-general at Guayaquil, for 

 which post he sailed on July 1. On Dec. 4 he was 

 attacked by yellow fever. Besides his work with 

 the pencil, Nast painted in oil and water-colors, 

 His best known picture is the Departure of the 

 Seventh Regiment for the War, 1861. It repre- 

 sents the troops passing the corner of Broadway 

 and Prince Street, and vividly depicts the in- 

 tense excitement of the time. It was bought by 

 the Seventh Regiment, of which Nast was a mem- 

 ber. Among his numerous other paintings are 

 Peace Again (1865); Lincoln Entering Richmond 

 (1868); St. Nicholas (1895); and The Immortal 

 Light of Genius (1896), painted for Sir Henry 

 Irving. Nast's home for twenty-five years prior 

 to his death was at Morristown, N. J. 



Needham, George C., evangelist; born in Ire- 

 land about 1842; died in Marberth, Pa., Feb. 16, 

 1902. He worked a year in a business house in 

 Dublin, and then became an evangelist. He 

 preached throughout England and Ireland till 

 1868, when he came to the United States. The 

 greater part of his life was passed in constant 

 movement from one part of the country to an- 

 other. He wrote much on Biblical themes. 

 Among his best known works are Shadow and 

 "Substance; Conflict and Courage; The Spiritual 



"-.ife; and Street Arabs. 

 Norris, Frank, author, born in Chicago, 111., 



ti'1870; died in San Francisco, Cal., Oct. 25, 1902. 



le was educated at the San Francisco High 



School, the University of California, and Harvard 

 University; studied art in Paris in 1887-'89; was 

 war correspondent for the San Francisco Chron- 

 icle in South Africa during the Uitlander excite- 

 ment in 1895-'96; editor of the San Francisco 

 Wave in 1896-'97; war correspondent for 

 McClure's Magazine in Cuba in 1898; and was 

 author of McTague, The Octopus, and The Pit. 

 The latter, his last work, ran serially in the 

 Saturday Evening Post, of Philadelphia, in 

 1902-'03. 



Ochiltree, Thomas P., journalist, born in Nac- 

 ogdoches County, Texas, in 1840; died in Hot 

 Springs, Va., Nov. 25, 1902. At the age of fifteen 

 years he enlisted in the Texas Rangers, and 

 served in the campaign against the Apache and 

 Comanche Indians in 1854-'55. He was editor 

 of the Jeffersonian in 1860-'61 ; entered the Con- 

 federate army at the outbreak of the civil war, 

 and served on the staffs of Gens. Green, Taylor, 

 and Sibley. He was promoted major and colo- 

 nel, and was taken prisoner at the battle of Five 

 Forks. In the autumn of 1865 he returned to 

 Texas and engaged in journalism. He became 

 United States marshal for Texas, editor of the 

 Houston Daily Telegraph in 1866, Texas State 

 Commissioner of Emigration to Europe, and the 

 first native Texan ever elected to Congress 

 (1882). He was the author of several pamphlet* 

 on Texas and her resources. 



Osborn, Virginia R., philanthropist, died in 

 New York city, Feb. 7, 1902. She was the widow 

 of William H. Osborn, formerly president of the 

 Illinois Central Railroad, who died in 1894. For 

 many years she was actively identified with char- 

 itable institutions in New York city, including 

 the City Mission and the Cooking-School, and she 

 was a founder of Bellevue Hospital Training- 

 School for Nurses. 



Osborne, William McKinley, lawyer, born in 

 Girard, Ohio, April 26, 1842; died in Wimbledon, 

 England, April 29, 1902. He was educated at 

 Poland Academy, Ohio, and Allegheny College; 

 enlisted in the 23d Ohio Regiment when the 

 civil war broke out; and after a year's service 

 was taken ill with typhoid fever. After his re- 

 covery he studied law; was admitted to the bar 

 in 1864; and practised in Youngstown, Ohio, till 

 1880, during part of which time (1874-75) he 

 was mayor. He then removed to Boston, Mass., 

 where he practised his profession; was a mem- 

 ber of the Common Council in 1884 and 1885; 

 of the Board of Police Commissioners in 1885- 

 '93; and Secretary of the National Republican 

 Convention in 1896. In 1897 he was appointed 

 United States consul-general in London. 



Osmun, Thomas Embley (Alfred Ayres), au- 

 thor, orthoepist, elocutionist, and dramatic critic; 

 born in Montrose, Ohio, Feb. 26, 1834: died in 

 New York, Oct. 26, 1902. He was graduated at 

 Oberlin College, after which he spent six years 

 in Paris and Berlin, studying medicine and lan- 

 guages. He returned to the United States in 

 1859, and became a resident of New York city. 

 His attention was attracted to the wide-spread 

 misuse of his native tongue, as shown in current 

 " newspaper English," and he resolved to make 

 it his life-work to attempt to preserve the purity 

 of the English language in the public press. He 

 argued for the better use of words in every ave- 

 nue that lay open to him, writing personally 

 to advertisers in the newspapers and pointing out 

 to them the defects in their advertisements, and 

 remonstrating with editors for permitting bad 

 English to appear in their publications. This 

 led naturally to the writing of several books on 

 the subject, namely, The Orthoepist, The Verbal- 



