490 



OBITUARIES, FOREIGN. (CAIRNES CLARKE.) 



win, he seems to have thought it incumbent upon 

 him to perpetuate a kind of hereditary feud. His 

 anti-Darwinian books, such as Evolution, Uncon- 

 scious Memory, etc., were esteemed by him above 

 his more brilliant works. They are thought-pro- 

 voking, but hardly convincing. 



Cairnes, William Elliot, English author and 

 army officer, died in London, April 19, 1902. He 

 received his lieutenant's commission in 1884, and 

 was promoted to a captaincy in 1890. He was 

 the author of the Absent-Minded War; The Army 

 from Within; The Coming Waterloo; and Lord 

 Roberts as a Soldier in Peace and War. 



Callan, Philip, Irish politician, born in County 

 Louth in 1837, died in Dublin, June 13, 1902. He 

 was called to the Irish bar in 1865, and was elect- 

 ed to Parliament for the borough of Dundalk in 

 1868, when Isaac Butt was the Irish leader. Mr. 

 Callan pleaded for the amnesty of Fenian prison- 

 ers. Charles Russell contested Dundalk unsuc- 

 cessfully in 1870, successfully in 1874, whereupon 

 Callan sought and won election as county mem- 

 ber. When Charles Stewart Parnell began a pol- 

 icy of obstruction Mr. Callan hesitated only a 

 short time before casting his lot with the new 

 leader. His parliamentary experience and ready 

 knowledge of the forms and his tireless flow of 

 oratory made him the most formidable of the ob- 

 structionists. In 1885, when the franchise had 

 been extended, the soundness of his political prin- 

 ciples was called in question, and he was rejected 

 by the Nationalist Convention. Nevertheless he 

 determined to stand in opposition to Philip Nolan, 

 whom Mr. Parnell came to support with his au- 

 thority and eloquence. After the most tumul- 

 tuous election that had taken place in Ireland, al- 

 though Parnell was stoned, Callan was badly de- 

 feated. He contested North Louth again in 1892, 

 supported by the Parnellite rump, against Tim- 

 othy Healy, McCarthyite candidate, and was 

 beaten again. In 1896 once more he strove in 

 vain to reenter Parliament. 



Casati, Gaetaiio, Italian explorer, born in 

 Lombardy, in 1838; died at Como, March 7, 1902. 

 He entered the Italian army as lieutenant in 1859, 

 fought through the campaign of 1866, and retired 

 with the rank of captain in 1879 to go to Africa 

 to undertake commercial explorations. He trav- 

 eled through the Bahr el Gazal into the Niam- 

 niam and Monbuttu countries, returning in 1883 

 with Dr. Junker to be shut up with Emin Pasha 

 at Lado, whom he helped efficiently to defend that 

 place against the Mahdists until, in 1885, it be- 

 came untenable, when Capt. Casati went south 

 to Wadelai, where he hoped to open up friendly 

 relations with Kabarega, King of Unyoro, 

 and get letters through to the Europeans in Ugan- 

 da. Kabarega showed a friendly disposition to- 

 ward Emin and Casati, and the latter was in 

 Unyoro in December, 1887, when Henry M. Stan- 

 ley approached with a relief expedition. When 

 the expedition inflicted severe losses on the Maz- 

 amboni warriors, subjects of Kabarega, who con- 

 tested the passage through their country, the 

 black King's feelings changed toward his guest, 

 whom he held responsible for the invasion. Ca- 

 sati was cast into prison and condemned to death, 

 but escaped and wandered about naked and starv- 

 ing until he was rescued by Emin. A few weeks 

 later Stanley's expedition came to their relief. 

 Casati returned to Italy and wrote a book de- 

 scribing his travels and adventures under the title 

 Dieci anni in Equatoria. 



Chamberlain, Sir Neville Bowles, English 

 soldier, born in 1820; died near Southampton, Feb. 

 17, 1902. He was a son of Sir Henry Orlando 

 Chamberlain, who sent him to Woolwich, but he 



left abruptly to enter the Bengal army at the age 

 of seventeen, and was immediately despatched in 

 command of a troop of irregular cavalry to the 

 Afghan war, in which he was wounded six times 

 and so distinguished himself by his enterprise and 

 valor that he was attached to the Governor-Gen- 

 eral's body-guard. He gained new laurels by his 

 personal prowess in the campaign against the 

 Sikhs, and subsequently as commandant of the 

 Punjab frontier force. He commanded a mobile 

 column in the Punjab at the beginning of the In- 

 dian mutiny, was afterward made adjutant-gen- 

 eral of the army before Delhi, and was severely 

 wounded in the siege. Two years later his suc- 

 cessful rapid operations against the Waziris won 

 for him the honor of knighthood. In 1863 he con- 

 ducted another vigorous frontier campaign against 

 the Bunerwals, and in leading the native sol- 

 diery in person to a difficult and dangerous as- 

 sault he was again severely wounded, but the 

 vital position of the enemy was captured by his 

 plan and he was promoted major-general. From 

 1876 till 1881 he commanded the Madras army. 

 He was sent on a mission to Shere Ali, Ameer of 

 Kabul, and war resulted because the expedition 

 was stopped at Ali Masjid, though the envoy him- 

 self, an adherent of Lord Lawrence's policy of 

 masterly inactivity, deprecated any interference 

 in Afghanistan. In 1900 he w r as made a field- 

 marshal. 



Cheyne, John Powles, British naval officer, 

 died in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Feb. 8, 1902. He 

 entered the navy in 1850, became a lieutenant in 

 1851, and retired with the rank of commander in 

 1870. He was an arctic explorer of experience, 

 and took part in three expeditions in search of 

 Sir John Franklin. 



Chincholle, Charles Henri Hippolyte, 

 French novelist, born at Chauny, France, July 16, 

 1845; died in Paris, Aug. 21, 1902. In his early 

 years he was secretary to the elder Dumas, and 

 occasionally collaborated with him. In 1872 he 

 joined the staff of Figaro, and thenceforth re- 

 mained in the service of that journal. He was a 

 versatile, sympathetic, and ready writer, but his 

 style was lacking in finish. He was the author of 

 a one-act farce, Oncle Margottin, which ran 300 

 nights in 1870, and of Le Mari de Jeanne and 

 other plays, while his published romances and 

 other works include La Plume au Vent (1865) ; 

 Alexandre Dumas Aujourd'hui (1867); Les Pen- 

 ses de tout le Modne (1868); Dans 1'Ombre 

 (1871); Le Lendemain de 1'Amour (1880): Le 

 Catalogue de 1'Amour (1881); Paula, Histoire 

 d'une Nevrosee (1882); La Ceinture de les Sur- 

 vivants de la Commune (1884) ; Le Vieux Genrral 

 (1886) ; Femmes et Pois (1886) ; La Grande Pre- 

 tresse (1887), and Biographe du General Boulan- 

 ger (1889). 



Christich, Nicola, Servian statesman, died 

 Jan. 25, 1902. He was the chief of the Progressist 

 party and for long periods the most powerful po- 

 litical personage in Servia. He was Prime Min- 

 ister before the abdication of King Milan in 1889. 

 When the young King Alexander in 1894 sus- 

 pended the Constitution, suppressed the regency. 

 assumed the Government in person.and proclaim' 1 '! 

 an amended Constitution, Christich prompted the 

 coup d'ttat and became Prime Minister, resigning 

 in the following ye&r. 



Clarke, Sir Andrew, British military engineer 

 and colonial statesman, born in Southsea, Eng- 

 land, July 27,1824; died in London, March 29, 1902. 

 He was the son of Col. Andrew Clarke, who w:i> 

 the first Governor of Western Australia ; studied 

 at Woolwich ; was commissioned second lieuten- 

 ant of engineers in 1844; served a short time in 



