OBITUARIES, FOREIGN. (CLAYDEN COOPER.) 



491 





Ireland during the famine; was appointed to a 

 position on his father's staff, but on the way to 

 Perth was persuaded to remain in Van Diemen's 

 Land as military secretary to the Governor, Sir 

 William Denison; left there in 1847 for the Maori 

 war in New Zealand, and served on the staff of 

 Sir George Grey, Governor of that colony, till he 

 was called to Victoria as Surveyor-General. He 

 took a prominent part in framing the Constitution 

 of Victoria, and when it went into force he was 

 elected member for Melbourne in the Legislative 

 Assembly and called into the first Cabinet as 

 Minister of Public Lands in 1855. In 1857, when 

 this ministry resigned, he declined to form a Cab- 

 inet and returned to England. In 1863 he was or- 

 dered to the west coast of Africa to plan operations 

 against the Ashantis, but soon returned, and for 

 nine years, as director of works for the navy, he 

 was engaged in planning the reconstruction of the 

 naval arsenals at Chatham, Portsmouth, and 

 Plymouth, the fortifications at Malta and Cork, 

 and the naval fortress and floating dock at Ber- 

 muda. Jn 1873 he was appointed Governor of the 

 Straits Settlements, where he concluded in the 

 following year with the Malay chiefs of Perak 

 the treaty of Pangkor, by which they accepted 

 British residents to rescue the country from the 

 impoverishment and disorder that prevailed in 

 consequence of fights among themselves and 

 among the Chinese miners, who were induced to 

 disarm. He next went to Siam and composed the 

 quarrel between Chulalongkorn and the second 

 King, who was persuaded to abandon his claim 

 to rule. In 1875 he went to India as Minister of 

 Public Works, and there, among other improve- 

 ments, he secured a supply of fresh water for the 

 soldiers that greatly reduced mortality from ty- 

 phoid and lowered railroad rates so as to enable 

 the Punjab to export wheat. He returned to 

 England in 1881, and as no suitable colonial post 

 was vacant he asked to be assigned to duty, 

 though in the engineer corps he was only a lieu- 

 tenant-colonel still. He organized a bridge-build- 

 ing company of trained mechanics. He was ap- 

 pointed inspector-general of fortifications in 1882, 

 and completed the plans for imperial naval defense 

 that he had begun nine years earlier, including 

 the fortification of Colombo and Singapore. Re- 

 tiring from the army as lieutenant-general in 1886, 

 Sir Andrew Clarke, who had received the colonial 

 order of knighthood in 1873, was twice an unsuc- 

 cessful candidate for -Parliament for Chatham as 

 a Gladstonian home ruler, although an Ulster 

 Protestant. The colony of Victoria appointed him 

 agent-general in London, and he discharged the 

 duties of that office till his death. 



Clayden, Peter William, English clergyman, 

 born in Wallingford, England, Oct. 20, 1827; died 

 in London, Feb. 19, 1902. He was educated in 

 private schools, and was successively pastor of 

 Unitarian congregations in Boston, 1855-'59; 

 Rochdale, I860'; and Nottingham, 1860-'68. He 

 joined the staff of the London Daily News, and re- 

 mained with that paper for the larger part of the 

 time till 1896. In 1873 he established the Read- 

 ing Observer, of which. he disposed six years later. 

 He was the author of The Religious Value of the 

 Doctrine of Continuity (1866) ; Scientific Men and 

 Religious Teachers (1874); England under Bea- 

 consfield (1880); Samuel Sharpe, Egyptologist 

 (1883); The Early Life of Samuel Rogers 

 (1887); Rogers and his Contemporaries (1889); 

 and England vinder the Coalition (1892). 



Cluysenaar, Alfrid, Belgian painter, born in 

 Brussels, Sept. 24, 1837; died there, Nov. 23, 1902. 

 He was the son of a noted architect, under whose 

 direction he first studied sculpture. The art of 



painting attracted him, and after studying at the 

 Academy of Art in Brussels he became a pupil of 

 Leon Cognet and a student at the Paris Ecole des 

 Beaux-Arts. In 1861 he exhibited a picture called 

 A Dominican Meditating. He helped decorate 

 the grand saloon in the Casino at Homburg for 

 his father, and then traveled for five years in 

 Holland, Germany, and Italy. In 1865 he exhib- 

 ited at Brussels a large canvas representing the 

 four horsemen of the Apocalypse. In 1872 he pro- 

 duced a Mazeppa, and next his Vocation, now in 

 the Brussels Museum. He executed six large 

 mural paintings for the University of Ghent. He 

 exhibited other decorative designs later, but ob- 

 tained few commissions. 



Constant, Benjamin, French painter, born in 

 Paris in 1847 ; died there, May 26, 1902. He stud- 

 ied in the Ecole des Beaux-Arts under Cabanel, 

 and began to exhibit in the Salon in 1869. His 

 painting was a scene from Hamlet, which he fol- 

 lowed with other 

 similar composi- 

 tions, turning to 

 dramatic subjects 

 from Oriental life 

 and history, which 

 suited his bent for 

 vivid coloring and 

 for the nude. His 

 mastery in flesh- 

 tints led him in- 

 to portrait-paint- 

 ing, and the color- 

 ing and dramatic 

 treatment and ma- 

 jestic idealization 

 of his subjects 

 made him the 

 fashionable paint- 

 er of Paris and 

 London. Some of his Oriental pictures are 

 Mahomet II; Les Cherifas; Les Funerailles de 

 PEmirj and La Justice du Cherif, which last is 

 hung in the Luxembourg. He painted in Morocco 

 Les Favorites; Les Femmes du Caid; Les Prison- 

 niers Marocains; Le Roi du Desert; Une Danse 

 d'Almee; La Tigre Favori; and many interiors and 

 seraglio views. Of religious subjects he treated 

 the resurrection of Lazarus and the entombment 

 of Christ. A large decorative painting represents 

 the entry of Pope Urban II into Toulouse Cathe- 

 dral. He painted many small landscapes from 

 sketches made in all places where he studied, 

 small marines,- and views of Rome, Venice, New 

 York, London, and other cities, none of which 

 were known until about 80 of these smaller 

 works and 140 large paintings were sold in Lon- 

 don after his death. His portraits of Mrs. Walters 

 and Madame Calve were two of the most notable. 

 A portrait of his son was bought for the Luxem- 

 bourg. In the Salon of 1902 were hung portraits 

 of Lord Savile and M. de Blowitz. He was com- 

 missioned to paint for reproduction in an illus- 

 trated journal a portrait of Queen Victoria with 

 emblems and accessories suggestive of majt-My 

 and empire. This work was exhibited in the 

 Salon of 1900 and in the exhibition of the British 

 Royal Academy in 1901, where it was given an 

 entire wall. He painted also a portrait of Queen 

 Alexandra. Like some of the older artists, and 

 unlike many of the younger generation, he fin- 

 ished his pictures in minute detail, but regarded 

 most their harmonious effect and decorative value. 



Cooper, Thomas Sidney, English artist, born 

 in Canterbury, England, Sept. 26, 1803; died there 

 Feb. 7, 1902. His early education was very slen- 

 der. After some experience as a scene-painter, he 



