OBITUARIES, FOREIGN. (SOUTHWARD TARGE.) 



517 



on Job for Young Readers (1887) ; The Bible and 

 its Theology as Popularly Taught, a revised and 

 enlarged edition of The Bible and Popular The- 

 ology (1892); and Some Modern Phases of the 

 Doctrine of the Atonement (1894). 



Southward, John, English typographer, born 

 in Liverpool, April 27, 1840; died in London, July 

 9, 1902. He was perhaps the highest English au- 

 thority on the history of typography, and was 

 widely known as a writer and lecturer on the 

 subject. At seventeen he edited a local maga- 

 zine, and he was subsequently editor of the Liver- 

 pool Observer, edited by his father. He removed 

 to London in 1865, and in 1869 became editor 

 of the Printer's Register. In 1891 he assumed 

 proprietorship of the Paper and Printing Trades 

 Journal, but soon relinquished the business in 

 order to devote himself to the literature of his 

 favorite theme. His valuable work on Practical 

 Printing reached a third edition in 1887. Other 

 important works by him are Fine Printing; Prin- 

 ciples and Progress of Printing Machinery (1889) ; 

 Type-Composing Machines of the Past, Present, 

 and Future (1890); Modern Printing (1900); and 

 Bibliography of Printing (in part). 



Stark, Arthur James, English artist, born 

 in Chelsea, England, Oct. 6, 1831; died in South 

 Nutfield, Oct. 29, 1902. He studied painting 

 under his father, John Stark, an artist of the 

 Norwich school of colorists, who was frequently 

 styled the English Hobbema, and profited so well 

 by the instruction that at seventeen he exhibited 

 his first canvas, A Water-Mill, at the Royal Acad- 

 emy. The Starks had removed to Windsor from 

 Chelsea when the lad was about eight years old, 

 and while living at Windsor he acquired that love 

 for the valley of the Thames that was afterward 

 to make itself so apparent in many beautiful 

 landscapes. Stark entered the Royal Academy 

 Schools in 1849, and from the year preceding till 

 1877 exhibited at the Academy almost without a 

 break. His subjects were nearly always, land- 

 scapes with cattle, and although an animal 

 painter he was essentially the latest exponent of 

 the Norwich school of painting, depicting nature 

 in rich but quiet tones. After 1886 he lived and 

 worked at South Nutfield, in the pleasant dis- 

 trict in Surrey near Redhill. 



Stephens, William Richard Wood, English 

 clergyman, born in Gloucestershire, Oct. 5, 1839; 

 died Dec. 22, 1902. He studied at Oxford, pre- 

 pared for the Anglican ministry, and was or- 

 dained in 1864. He was curate of Staines, 1864- 

 '66, x and of Purley, Berkshire, 1866-'69; vicar of 

 Mid-Lavant, Sussex, 1870-73; and rector of 

 Woolbedding, Sussex, 1876-'94. He was lecturer 

 in the Chichester Theological College in 1872-75, 

 became a prebend of Chichester cathedral in 1875, 

 and was promoted to the deanery of Wipchester 

 in 1894. His published books comprise Saint 

 Chrysostom: His Life and Times (1872); Me- 

 morials of the South Saxon See and Cathedral 

 Church of Chichester (1876); Christianity and 

 Islam (1877); The Burials Question (1877); The 

 South Saxon Diocese: Selsey-Chichester (1880); 

 Hildebrand; His Life and Times (1888) ; Life and 

 Letters of Edward Augustus Freeman, his most 

 important work (1895); The English Church 

 from the Norman Conquest to the Accession of 

 Edward I, 1066-1202 (1901). 



Sterndale, Robert Armitage, English civil 

 Tvant, born in England, June 30, 1839; died 

 :t. 3, 1902. After being educated privately, he 

 as sent to India in 1856 to fill an appointment in 

 ;he financial department of the Government. He 

 :rved in various capacities for many years, be- 

 miing accountant-general for Bombay in Janu- 



ary, 1884, and accountant-general for Madras in 

 November, 1887. Retiring from the Indian serv- 

 ice in 1890, he subsequently served as Acting 

 Governor of St. Helena for six months, and was 

 appointed Governor in 1897, which office he filled 

 at the time of his death. Gov. Sterndale was the 

 author of Seoni, or Camp Life on the Satpuras: 

 A Tale of Indian Adventure (1877) ; The Afghan 

 Knife, a novel (1879) ; A Natural History of the 

 Mammalia of British India and Ceylon (1884); 

 Denizens of the Jungle (1887); Turkey and Cey- 

 lon; An Account of the District of Seoni; and 

 Saint Helena (1902). 



Stokes, John, English military engineer, born 

 in Cobham, Kent, June 17, 1825; died in Ewell, 

 Nov. 17, 1902. He was the son of a clergyman, 

 was educated at Woolwich, entered the royal en- 

 gineers in 1843, served in the two Kaffir wars with 

 distinction, Organizing the Hottentot levies in 

 1851, was chief engineer of the Turkish troops in 

 the Crimean War, fortified Kertch, was British 

 commissioner at the disbandment of the Turkish 

 contingent after the war, was appointed British 

 commissioner for the Danube in 1856 under the 

 treaty of Paris making it an international stream, 

 was nominated vice-consul at the Danube delta 

 in 1861, signed the convention for regulating nav- 

 igation at the mouths of the Danube in 1866, and 

 the Danube loan convention in 1868, and re- 

 mained until the work of deepening the Sulina 

 mouth was completed at the end of 1871. For 

 the next t\vo years he commanded the engineers 

 in South Wales, was British commissioner on the 

 tonnage question in 1873 and was employed on 

 other affairs connected with the Suez Canal, con- 

 cluded a convention with M. de Lesseps in 1875, 

 and has been the representative of the British Gov- 

 ernment on the Canal Board from the beginning. 

 He retired from the army with the rank of lieu- 

 tenant-general in 1887. 



Sutherland, Alexander, Australian lecturer, 

 born in Glasgow, Scotland, in 1852; died Aug. 9, 

 1902. .After emigrating with his parents to New 

 South Wales in 1867, he completed his education 

 at Melbourne University. He was tutor at Mor- 

 ison's Scotch College, Melbourne, in 1871-73, and 

 then founded Carlton College in Melbourne, of 

 which he was principal until 1892, when he with- 

 drew and devoted himself to literature, although 

 he continued to lecture. Near the end of his life 

 he was appointed registrar of Melbourne L T ni- 

 versity. With his brother George he published 

 in 1879 a History of Australia and New Zealand, 

 which proved very popular. Subsequent works 

 of his are Thirty Short Poems (1889); The De- 

 velopment of Australian Literature (1898); and 

 Origin and Growth of the Moral Instinct, his 

 most important work (1898). 



Targe, Allain, French statesman, born in 

 1832; died July 17, 1902. His father and grand- 

 father were judges, and he was a deputy of the 

 public prosecutor under Napoleon III until he re- 

 signed to join the republicans. Ho was un-ui- 

 cessful as a candidate in Paris for the Corps Lt'>- 

 gislatif in 1869. After the fall of the empire he 

 was prefect at Angers and Bordeaux. He failed 

 twice as a candidate for the Chamber, and thon 

 succeeded, in 1876, in getting elected for ParU. 

 He opposed the Opportunists, and in 1885 became 

 Minister of the Interior in the Brisson Cabinet. 

 The successes of the Reactionaries through the 

 wntlin dc lixtc, for which Gambetta was respon- 

 sible, were charged to his mismanagement of the 

 elections, and therefore he was not taken into the 

 Cabinet again after the fall of the Brisson minis- 

 try at the'end of 1885, and in 1889 he lost his seat 

 in the Chamber. 



