518 



OBITUARIES, FOREIGN. (TEMPLE.) 



Temple, Frederick, Primate of all England 

 and Metropolitan, born in Santa Maura, in the 

 Ionian Islands, Nov. 30, 1821; died in London, 

 Dec. 23, 1902. He was the son of an English array 

 officer, who died while his son was still quite 



young, and the 

 boy was brought 

 up by his mother, 

 who was compar- 

 atively poor. He 

 was sent to the 

 famous Blundell 

 school at Tiver- 

 ton, and thence to 

 Oxford, graduat- 

 ing in 1842 with 

 a " double first- 

 class," and thus 

 securing a fellow- 

 ship and tutorship 

 in his college. He 

 was ordained to 

 the priesthood 

 of the English 

 Church in 1846, 

 and was principal 



of Kneller Hall, near Twickenham, from 1848 to 

 1858. After serving as school inspector for sev- 

 eral years, he became head master of Rugby 

 School in 1858, and under him the school re- 

 gained much of the prestige it had held dur- 

 ing Dr. Arnold's head-mastership. In I860 the 

 famous volume of Essays and Reviews ap- 

 peared, exciting a vast amount of acrid contro- 

 versy on account of the supposed unorthodox opin- 

 ions of its various authors. Dr. Temple's own 

 contribution to the volume, The Education of the 

 World, was certainly not open to the objections 

 urged against the others, but it encountered quite 

 as much adverse criticism as they, and caused 

 many persons to regard him as a heretic. When 

 he was nominated to the bishopric of Exeter, in 

 1869, the most virulent objection to the appoint- 

 ment was developed among the clergy on account 

 of his participation in the volume just named, 

 but it was ineffectual, and he was consecrated in 

 due course. In 1885 he was translated from Exe- 

 ter to London, and again encountered opposition 

 on account of the unforgotten contribution to 

 the unorthodox Essays and Reviews. On the 

 death of Archbishop Benson, in 1896, Dr. Temple 

 was nominated to fill the vacancy, and on Dec. 

 22 of that year the nomination was confirmed in 

 Saint Paul's Cathedral, and he was enthroned 

 Archbishop of Canterbury in the following Jan- 

 uary, his death occurring at the completion of his 

 sixth year as primate. But few objectors ap- 

 peared on the occasion of his elevation to the pri- 

 macy; and, although he was a Radical in politics, 

 his promotion came to him at the hands of a Tory 

 Prime Minister, the choice having been dictated, 

 in some degree, at least, by Queen Victoria. As 

 Archbishop of Canterbury he stood for sincere be- 

 lief in the essentials of Christianity combined 

 with extreme comprehensiveness in the Anglican 

 fold, and no man in the kingdom commanded more 

 general respect than he. He was brusque in 

 manner, and a rigid disciplinarian both as head 

 master and bishop; but his perfect sense of jus- 

 tice and his abundant common sense commanded 

 a far-reaching influence. He was a total abstain- 

 er, both from temperament and conviction, and 

 was a strong ally of the temperance cause; but 

 he was never fanatical on the subject, being able 

 always to discern the limits of practical attain- 

 ment in the direction of reform, and on the stir- 

 ring topic of public education his grasp of the 



situation was equally apparent. He was a plain 

 rather than a popular preacher, but, while he was 

 easily comprehended by the uneducated, his schol- 

 arship remained unobscured. The absence of early 

 culture and the privations of his boyhood in Dev- 

 onshire left their mark upon him, as shown in 

 certain provincialisms of speech and accent, and 

 perhaps also in the excessive brusquenes"s that 

 led some witty clergyman to remark, "There are 

 no polished corners to our Temple." With a won- 

 derful capacity for hard work, he was a stern 

 economist of time, never wasting it upon mere su- 

 perficials. On one occasion when he was Bishop 

 of London, the visiting Emperor of Germany sent 

 to request the prelate to call upon him. As com- 

 pliance with the imperial demand involved the 

 loss of practically an entire working day, he told 

 the Emperor's messenger that he should be un- 

 able to do as had been requested. " But, my 

 lord," exclaimed the horror-stricken man, " neither 

 I nor anybody else ever conveyed such an answer 

 to the Emperor of Germany." " I can not help 

 that," said the bishop, " you must convey it now.' 

 and the desired call was *not made. Although the 

 term of Dr. Temple's primacy was short, it wa< 

 eventful. Many important questions, civil and 

 ecclesiastical, came before him for consideration, 

 and in ritual and other controversies he held an 

 even rein. He took part in the Queen's diamond 

 jubilee in 1897, and in the celebration of the land- 

 ing of Augustine at Canterbury, and to him fell 

 the duty of crowning the present Bang of Eng- 

 land, Edward VII. He married in 1876; and his 

 wife, a granddaughter of the late Earl of Car- 

 lisle, and herself a tireless worker and organizer, 

 survives him. His only published books are three 

 volumes of sermons delivered in Rugby Chapel 

 and his Bampton Lectures, delivered in 1884, on 

 The Relations between Religion and Science, a 

 work held in the highest esteem by competent 

 critics. Despite his rugged appearance, his ytnr- 

 of tireless activity had told upon him severely, 

 and in his last months he was attacked by a spe- 

 cies of ataxia, which manifested itself in ' Auu-t 

 last at the moment of coronation. While about to 

 place the crown upon the head of the King, he 

 tottered and would have fallen but for the King's 

 sustaining arm. An equally pathetic scene oc- 

 curred in the House of Lords on Dec. 3, when, at 

 the close of a vigorous speech in support of the 

 public education bill, the aged primate sar" 

 upon his seat in collapse and had to be assist 

 from the chamber. On reaching Lambeth Pala 

 he was conveyed to his bed, which he was too 

 weak to leave afterward. On the following Sat- 

 urday his funeral took place in the cathedral at 

 Canterbury. 



Temple, Sir Richard, English civil servant, 

 born in Kempsey, near Worcester, England, in 

 1826; died in Hampstead, March 15, 1902. He 

 was educated at Rugby and Haileybury College, 

 and entered the East Indian civil service in 1848. 

 After holding successively several important places 

 of trust, he became Finance Minister of India in 

 1868, Governor-General of Bengal in 1874, and 

 was Lieutenant-Governor of Bombay, 1877-'80. 

 Returning to England, he served on the London 

 School Board in 1886-'94, and sat in the House of 

 Commons from 1885 to 1895. He traveled ex- 

 tensively on the Continent, and was an amateur 

 artist. His published works include India in 

 1880 (1880) ; Men and Events of my Time in In- 

 dia (1882); Oriental Experiences (1883); Cosmo- 

 politan Essays (1886); Palestine Illustrated 

 (1888); Life in Parliament (1893); The Story of 

 my Life (1896) ; A Bird's- Eye View of Picturesque 

 India (1898) ; and The House of Commons (1899). 



