520 



OBITUARIES, FOREIGN. (TUCKER YIRCHOW.) 



swered only by the dissolution of the Hungarian 

 Parliament with the threat of military force in 

 case of resistance. During the despotic regime 

 that followed Tisza expounded the constitutional 

 view in articles contributed to a political journal 

 started by his friend Moritz Jokai, in which he 

 unfolded a Liberal program for Hungary, in- 

 cluding free trade with other nations and the re- 

 moval of trammels from internal industry and 

 commerce. When Parliament was again con- 

 voked toward the close of 1865 Koloman was 

 elected again as member for Debreczin, and with 

 M. K. Ghyczy he led the group that in 1861 would 

 speak to Austria only through a parliamentary 

 resolution. This minority party supported Deak 

 as well as his own more numerous followers, and 

 Tisza took a prominent part in the negotiations 

 for an Ausgleich that were interrupted by the war 

 of 1866 and were quickly completed when it was 

 over. When constitutional government was at 

 last established with Count Julius Andrassy at 

 the head of the ministry Deak's followers became 

 the Government majority and Tisza's the regular 

 Opposition, which supported the Cabinet, however, 

 in its vigorous repression of socialistic and agra- 

 rian agitation. Tisza's political influence was not 

 dependent on the strength of his party, which 

 waxed in 1869 and waned again in 1872. He 

 declined several times to take an office in the 

 Cabinet. When the Government fell into discredit 

 in 1874 by reason of administrative mismanage- 

 ment Tisza was invited to form a Cabinet, but 

 declined until the country was ready to adopt the 

 program of the Opposition, which Ghyczy and 

 his immediate following had left. When the Gov- 

 ernment made concessions to the non-Magyar na- 

 tionalities Tisza approved, but when the Nation- 

 alist demands still grew he was the first to call a 

 halt and to recall public opinion to sentiments 

 of Hungarian patriotism and national union. In 

 1875 the Government majority was split up, and 

 a large section was inclined to accept the plans 

 of financial and internal policy put forward by 

 Tisza. The ministry therefore resigned, and the 

 Wenckheim Cabinet was formed, with Tisza in 

 the Ministry of the Interior as the controlling 

 mind of the combined Deak and Tisza parties. 

 Eight months later Baron Bela Wenckheim re- 

 tired, and Tisza, on Oct. 17, 1875, became Prime 

 Minister and remained at the head of the Govern- 

 ment till March 12, 1890, at first as Minister of 

 the Interior and in later years as Minister of 

 Finance. He placed the disordered finances on a 

 sound basis, reestablished the public credit, re- 

 newed the Ausgleich twice to the advantage of 

 Hungary, and developed a railroad system so com- 

 plete that only small additions have since been 

 required. The strength and growth of Hungary 

 has been largely due to his undisputed control of 

 internal and financial affairs for many years, 

 while foreign affairs were left to Count Julius 

 Andrassy. After his resignation of the premier- 

 ship he was still regarded for some time as the 

 general directing the party policy and as chair- 

 man of the most important committees of the 

 Chamber and the delegation he continued to 

 shape legislation. He was elected to Parliament 

 four times from Grosswardein, and was grieved 

 at his defeat in 1901 by a member of the Kossuth 

 party, after which he was returned from a Tran- 

 sylvanian town. From the time of his entrance 

 into political life he conducted the temporal af- 

 fairs of the Calvinist Church and was the cham- 

 pion of Protestant rights and as such the object 

 of the persistent enmity of the Clericals. 



Tucker, Henry William, English clergyman, 

 born in Devonshire, England, in 1830; died in 



Florence, Italy, Jan. 3, 1902. He was educated 

 at Oxford, and after his ordination to the Angli- 

 can ministry in 1855 was successively curate at 

 Chantry, Somerset, 1855-'56; West Buckland, 

 Devonshire, 1856-'60; and Devoran, Cornwall, 

 1860-'65. He became an assistant secretary of 

 the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in 

 Foreign Parts in 1865, and subsequently chief sec- 

 retary. This post he held until his retirement, in 

 July, 1901. He was prebendary of St. Paul's Ca- 

 thedral from 1881. He published Clerical Recrea- 

 tions (1864); Under His Banner, a popular mis- 

 sionary work (1872) ; and The English Church in 

 Other Lands (1886). 



Tyler, Thomas, English scholar, born about 

 1825; died in London Feb. 27, 1902. He received 

 his education at the University of London. He 

 was a contributor to periodicals, and published 

 the following works: Jehovah, the Redeemer 

 God; The Scriptural Interpretation of the Divine 

 Name Jehovah; Some New Evidence as to the 

 Date of Ecclesiastes (1872) ; Ecclesiastes : A Con- 

 tribution to its Interpretation (1874); and The 

 Philosophy of Hamlet (1874). 



Vaughan, William, English Roman Catholic 

 prelate, born in London, Feb. 4, 1814; died in 

 Xewton Abbot, Devonshire, Oct. 25, 1902. He 

 Avas educated for the Roman priesthood at Stony- 

 hurst College, Lancashire; Saint Acheul, France; 

 and Oscott College, and was ordained priest in 

 1838. In 1845 he was appointed president of Saint 

 Paul's College, Prior Park, Bath, which office he 

 filled till his consecration as Bishop of Plymouth, 

 in September, 1855. Bishop Vaughan had two 

 brothers in the priesthood, one of whom died in 

 1883 as Archbishop of Sydney. 



Vibert, Georges, FVench painter, born in 

 1830; died in Paris, July 28, 1902. He produced 

 many spirited aquarelles and small canvases rich 

 in color that were prized in France and the 

 United States. The Couvent sous 1'Armes ; Deses- 

 poir de Polichinelle; Coquelin en Mascarille; and 

 L'Antichambre de Monseigneur are some of the 

 best known. He earned the cross of the Legion 

 of Honor by bravery in the defense of Malniaison 

 during the war of 1870 and was the author of a 

 successful comedietta. 



Virchow, Rudolf, German scientist, born in 

 Schifelbein, a small town near Stettin, Pomer- 

 ania, Oct. 13, 1821 ; died in Berlin, Sept. 5, 1902. 

 His parents were middle-class people, probably of 

 Jewish descent. He attended the public school in 

 his native town, and then entered the gymnasium 

 of Coslin. In 1839 he became a pupil at the 

 Friedrich-Wilhelm Institute, a training-school for 

 army medical officers, and among his fellow-stu- 

 dents here was Helmholtz. He took his medical 

 degree in 1843. In 1846 he succeeded Froriep at 

 the Charite Hospital. About this time he found- 

 ed, in collaboration with Reinhardt, the famous 

 Archiv. In 1848, owing to the uncompromising 

 way in which he criticized the authorities as the 

 result of his investigation of an epidemic, he \\a- 

 forced to resign his place at the ( 'ha rite. He was 

 immediately called to the chair of Pathology at 

 WOrzburg, and accepted. As a result of his work 

 here the famous Cellular Pathology was published 

 in 1858. In 1856 the faculty of the University of 

 Berlin petitioned for his recall, and in spite of 

 bitter opposition he was finally recalled and re- 

 mained in his old university for the rest of his life. 

 Besides occupying the chair of Pathology in the 

 university, he was ethnologist and anthropologist, 

 archeolopist. Egyptologist, and scientific politi- 

 cian to the city of Berlin. He was a member of the 

 .Municipal Council of the city for forty years, and 

 of the Prussian Chamber from 1862 to 1878, where 



