524 



ONTARIO. 



infallibility), no longer possible; that religious 

 Catholicity, in distinction from the political ultra- 

 montanism of the Roman Catholic Church, is or- 

 ganized in the Catholic churches of the Old 

 Catholic Church in Holland, Switzerland, Austria, 

 and Germany; and declaring, contrary to the 

 movement currently designated " Reform-Katho- 

 likismus " and represented by Krause, Schell, 

 Ehrhard, Wahrmund, and others, in favor of a 

 return of the Old Catholics to papal obedience 

 on the ground that the Old Catholics, if inside of 

 the Roman Church, would hasten the reform to- 

 ward which it was supposed to be beginning to 

 stir that separation from Rome is necessary in 

 order to make an effective protest against ultra- 

 montanism. A resolution introduced by Prof, 

 von Schulte, president of the congress, declared 

 that " it is the duty of every man who, accord- 

 ing to his conscience, is opposed to the funda- 

 mental principles of ultramontanism openly to 

 recognize the bidding of his conscience and act 

 according to it, because only so can the might 

 of ultramontanism be broken and come to be 

 held an unholy thing both by the state and so- 

 ciety"; and appealed to liberal Catholics who re- 

 main under the papal banner, non-Catholic liberals, 

 and conservative Protestants who compromise 

 witli the papacy for political reasons, to recognize 

 their grave responsibility for the power that ultra- 

 montanism has come to wield in Germany. A let- 

 ter was read from Bishop Herzog, of Switzerland, 

 who was kept from the congress by illness. 



The Old Catholics had in 1900 57 clergy and 

 13,079 communicants in Germany, between 30 

 and 40 parishes in Switzerland, 24 parishes and 

 16,885 members in Austria, and 21 parishes in 

 Holland; they have a few churches in Italy, and 

 are represented in Paris, France. Their growth 

 in Austria has been rapid since 1899, having been 

 aided by the withdrawal of considerable numbers 

 of people from the Roman Catholic Church, under 

 the influence of what is called the " Los von 

 Rom," or away from Rome movement, the origin 

 of which has been traced to the publication in 

 1898, by the Old Catholic priest, Anton Nittel, 

 of Warnsdorf, of a tract entitled Cut Loose from 

 the Pope and from Rome, and to meetings called 

 by him. Of about 27,000 persons who had joined 

 in this revolt up to 1902, it was estimated that 

 about one-third had joined the Old Catholic 

 Church, and two-thirds the Lutheran and Re- 

 formed churches. Besides a few Old Catholic 

 Churches proper in the United States, the Inde- 

 pendent Polish Catholic churches under Bishop 

 Kozlowski, having 33 ministers, 43 churches, and 

 42,850 members, are recognized by the Old Cath- 

 olics of Europe. The Polish churches have also 

 sought intercommunion with the Protestant Epis- 

 copal Church. 



ONTARIO, a province of the Dominion of 

 Canada; area, 222,000 square miles; population 

 in 1901, 2,182,942. Capital, Toronto. 



Government and Politics. There was no 

 change in the Government of Ontario in 1902 ex- 

 cept the retirement of J. T. Garrow and W. Harty 

 from their posts as ministers without office. 

 G. W. Ross was Premier and Treasurer; J. M. 

 Gibson, Attorney-General; E. J. Davis, Commis- 

 sioner of Crown Lands; F. R. Latchford, Com- 

 missioner of Public Works; J. R. Stratton, Pro- 

 vincial Secretary; R. Harcourt, Minister of Edu- 

 cation; and John Dryden, Minister of Agriculture. 

 The Speaker of the Assembly was F. E. A. Evan- 

 turel. The House was opened on Jan. 7 by Lieut.- 

 Gov. Sir Oliver Mowat, with a speech from the 

 throne, of which the following are the signifi- 

 cant passages: 



" I congratulate you on the continued prosper- 

 ity of the lumbering industry, which gives em- 

 ployment to so many of our people and from 

 which such a large part of our revenue is de- 

 rived. The permanent Crown forest reserves, 

 amounting to over a million and a half acres, 

 have been carefully protected during the past sea- 

 son, and no loss of any consequence from fires 

 or other causes has occurred. Steps are being 

 taken to further increase these reserves, in order, 

 if possible, to establish a perpetual source of in- 

 come from the forests of the province. The mi- 

 ning industry of Ontario is making steady and 

 satisfactory progress. More capital and labor 

 are now being employed in mining operations 

 than at any previous time, and the output of the 

 chief mineral products of the province is rapidly 

 and steadily increasing in both quantity and 

 value. The work of settling the agricultural lands 

 of the Crown has been successfully prosecuted 

 during the year. Extensive areas have been dis- 

 posed of to actual settlers, most of whom are 

 from southern Ontario. It is satisfactory to 

 know that those who leave the older settlements, 

 of the province to obtain homesteads or employ- 

 ment in newer fields now realize that they can 

 find unexcelled opportunities within our own 

 boundaries. 



" The adequate care and maintenance of the 

 insane of our population still engages the atten- 

 tion of the Government. Additional accommo- 

 dation for 150 patients has been furnished by the 

 completion of the new asylum buildings at Co- 

 bourg. This will relieve, for the time being, the 

 existing congestion of the asylums of the prov- 

 ince; but I fear you will be again called upon, 

 at no distant period, to consider the advisability 

 of making further provision for accommodation 

 of the increasing number of the afflicted class. 



" I am glad to learn that very satisfactory 

 progress has been made in the promotion of tech- 

 nical education, and that in several of our towns 

 and cities special buildings and suitable equip- 

 ment for the purpose have been generously pro- 

 vided, and also that the system of traveling li- 

 braries for the newer parts of the province, for 

 which provision was made a year ago, has met 

 with general approval. . 



" The compilation of the imperial statutes in 

 force in the province of Ontario under the pro- 

 visions of chapter iii, R. S. O., has been completed 

 and embodied in what will constitute Volume III 

 of the Revised Statutes. 



" The year just closed has been one of very 

 gratifying prosperity to the agricultural classes. 

 The growth of the dairy interests of the province 

 is especially noteworthy, and the marked success 

 of the exhibitors of the province at the Pan- 

 American Exposition evinces the intelligence with 

 which agricultural operations of every kind are 

 carried on within the province. The improve- 

 ments made at the Agricultural College by the 

 erection of a physical and biological laboratory, 

 and the early completion of the Massey Library 

 and Museum, will add greatly to the clliciciscy 

 of the college, and place it among the first agri- 

 cultural colleges of America. The legislation of 

 last session for the encouragement of the brrt- 

 sugar industry is likely to produce the rc-nlt- de- 

 sired. The experiments conducted by the Depart- 

 ment of Agriculture conclusively show that the 

 province is most favorably adapted to the grow- 

 ing of sugar-beets, and several companies are 

 now preparing to undertake the work of sugar- 

 production. The amendments to the factories 

 act, requiring the owners of factory buildings to 

 provide suitable fire-escapes, have greatly in- 



