through Baluchistan, the Indian troops sent to 

 guard the road occupied two posts in Seistan. 

 Mirza Mahmud Khan, Governor of Kirman, went 

 with a Persian force to the spot, and arranged 

 with the British commander that the Anglo-In- 

 dian troops should withdraw from Mirza, which 

 is undoubtedly Persian. The garrison at Robat, 

 the other disputed place, was allowed to remain, 

 the boundary at that point not being clearly 

 defined. 



PERU, a republic in South America. The 

 Congre.ss consists of a Senate of 48 and a House 

 of Representatives of 108 members. Members of 

 both houses are elected for six years by electoral 

 colleges, the delegates to which are elected in each 

 province by parochial electoral colleges. The Pres- 

 ident and Vice-Presidents are elected for four 

 years by the direct vote of the nation. The Presi- 

 dent of the Republic for the term beginning Sept. 

 8, 1899, is Eduardo de Romafia. The Vice-Presi- 

 dents are Dr. Isaac Alzamora and Federico Bre- 

 sani. The Cabinet constituted Sept. 13, 1901, was 

 composed as follows: President of the Council 

 and Minister of Foreign Affairs, Cesares Chalca- 

 tana; Minister of Justice, Worship, and Public 

 Instruction, Lizardo Alzamora ; Minister of the In- 

 terior and Police, Leonidas Cardenas; Minister of 

 War and Marine, Capt. Meliton Carvajol; Min- 

 ister of Finance, Andreas Ward; Minister of 

 Public Works, Senor Eug. A new ministry was 

 formed on Aug. 10, 1902, as follows: Prime Min- 

 ister and Minister of the Interior, Alejandro de 

 Ustua; Minister of War and Marine, Col. Diez 

 Canseco ; Minister of Justice, Dr. Jose Aria ; Min- 

 ister of Finance, Jose Reinoso; Minister of Pub- 

 lic Works, Teodoro Elmore. 



Area and Population. The area of Peru is 

 695,733 square miles. The population in 1896 was 

 4,609,999, not counting uncivilized Indians, of 

 whose numbers no estimate can be formed. Of 

 the population less than 14 per cent, are white, 

 2 per cent, negroes, 2 per cent. Asiatics, 58 per 

 cent. Indians, and 24 per cent, mestizos, both 

 Cholos and Zambos. Lima, the capital, has above 

 100,000 inhabitants. 



Finances. The revenue in the year ending 

 May 31, 1900, was 14,123,278 soles, and the ex- 

 penditure 13,919,970 soles. For the year ending 

 May 31, 1901, the revenue from customs was esti- 

 mated at 7,857,100 soles; from taxes, 5,485,360 

 soles ; from the salt monopoly, 800,000 soles ; from 

 posts and telegraphs, 461,330 soles; from other 

 sources, 706,110 soles; total revenue, 15,309,900 

 soles. The estimated expenditure for the Con- 

 gress was 385,250 soles; for the Ministry of the 

 Interior, 2,951,400 soles; for the Ministry of For- 

 eign Affairs, 634,590 soles; for the Ministry of 

 Justice, 1,314,710 soles; for the Ministry of 

 Finance, 4.688,700 soles; for the Ministry of War 

 and Marine, 3,364,530 soles; for the Ministry of 

 Public Works, 378,280 soles; total expenditure, 

 13,717,460 soles. 



The Army and Navy. The peace strength of 

 the army is 6 battalions of infantry, of 320 men 

 each ; 7 squadrons of cavalry, numbering 800 men ; 

 1 regiment of artillery, numbering 600 men ; and 

 2,000 police. French officers have undertaken to 

 reorganize the army, which has lately been pro- 

 vided with 20,000 Mauser rifles, 24 light field-guns, 

 and 24 Gatlings. 



The naval force consists of the cruiser Lima, of 

 1,700 tons, the transport Constitucion, and the 

 small steamers Santa Rosa and Chaluco. 



The foreign debt, consisting of the 6-per-cent. 

 loan of 1870 and the 5-per-cent. loan of 1872, 

 originally amounting to 31,579,080, with arrears 

 of unpaid interest which amounted in 1889 to 



PERU. 



533 



22,998,651, was assumed in 1890 by the Peru- 

 vian Corporation, which, as agent of the bondhold- 

 ers, received the concession of the railroads, the 

 guano deposits, the mines, and the public lands for 

 the period of sixty-six years. Chile, having posses- 

 sion of some of the guano islands, made arrange- 

 ments to pay the proceeds of sales of guano to 

 the bondholders, but a dispute having arisen, the 

 moneys were deposited to await the award of a 

 court of arbitration at Lausanne, which, in No- 

 vember, 1901, delivered its decision as to the dis- 

 tribution of the amount in dispute, which was 

 558,566. On Feb. 2, 1901, the guano deposits on 

 Huanillos, Punta Lobos, and Pabellon de Pica, 

 which had been surrendered to the Peruvian Cor- 

 poration, reverted to the Chilean Government, 

 while the island of Lobos de Afuera was retained 

 by the corporation. The internal obligations, in- 

 cluding the floating debt, amount to 40,000,000 

 soles, on which 1 per cent, interest is paid. 



Commerce and Production. The quantity of 

 cotton exported in 1900 was 7,246 tons; of coffee, 

 1,450 tons; of sugar, 112,000 tons. The Peruvian 

 Corporation has attempted to colonize its conces- 

 sion, consisting of 2,750,000 acres. The coca plan- 

 tations in Libertad comprise 2,700,000 trees on 

 9 estates. The export of coca in 1900 was 630 

 tons, besides 10,479 pounds of cocain. Of alpaca 

 wool 2,030,700 kilograms were exported in 1898 

 and 1,280,000 kilograms of llama wool. About 

 1,500 tons of rubber are annually shipped down 

 the Amazon river from Iquitos. 



There were 4,714 mines in 1899, many of which 

 had been abandoned. The minerals include silver, 

 copper, lead, gold, zinc, quicksilver, salt, sulfur, 

 coal, and petroleum. From the Cerro de Pasco 

 mines were exported 16,800 tons of ore containing 

 from 30 to 50 per cent, of copper in 1900, and the 

 same mines produced 1,000,704 ounces of silver in 

 1898. 



The total value of imports in 1900 was 23,171,- 

 500 soles, and of exports 44,979,990 soles, not 

 including the trade down the Amazon from 

 Iquitos. The imports of cotton goods were 3,612,- 

 570 soles; of provisions, 2,529,030 soles; of furni- 

 ture, 1,691,620 soles; of woolen goods, 1,477,630 

 soles; of other textile fabrics, 665,090 soles; of 

 drugs, 971,540 soles; of miscellaneous merchandise, 

 7,988,644 soles. The exports of ores were 16,950,- 

 558 soles in value; of sugar, 14,558,420 soles; of 

 cotton, 3,260,740 soles; of wool, 2,966.730 soles; of 

 cocain, 1,161,780 soles; of hides, 1.085,580 soles; 

 of coffee, 654,310 soles: of rice, 639,080' soles; of 

 borax, 566,370 soles. The values of imports from 

 and exports to different countries in 1900 are giv- 

 en in soles in the following table: 



Navigation. The number of vessels entered 

 at the port of Callao during 1900 was 497, of 

 659,314 tons, and the number cleared was 494, of 

 655,859 tons, excluding vessels under 50 tons, of 

 which 889, of 349,391 tons, were entered and 

 cleared. 



The merchant marine in 1900 consisted of 57 

 sailing vessels of more than 50 tons, having an 

 aggregate tonnage of 28,458 tons, and 5 steamers 

 of 4,253 tons. 



