to attain. Brig.-Gen. George W. Davis was placed 

 in charge of operations. When the troops ad- 

 vanced red Hags were seen flying from the villages, 



PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. 



541 



the growing hostility of the Moros and received 

 permission to use his own discretion in the matter. 

 When the rains ceased Brig.-Gen. Samuel S. Sum- 



indicating that the inhabitants intended to tight ner mustered a force of 1,100 infantry and cavalry 





to the last. Every Datto's house was a fort, with 

 trenches about it, stone walls, and bamboo stock- 

 ades. There were many Dattos, and therefore 

 many forts, stockades, and intrenched positions 

 to be carried. None of them, however, were 

 strongly defended. Each fort was supplied with 

 one or more old cannon, a few small guns, and 

 many bamboo cannons, and when these responded 

 ineffectually to the shell and shrapnel the de- 

 fenders retreated safely by covered passages, of- 

 fering little of the expected hand-to-hand fighting 

 from lurking-places with bolo and spear. The 

 troops advanced cautiously, to avoid traps and 

 surprises, at the rate of 8 miles a day. On enter- 

 ing Bayan, the land of the murderers, Gen. Davis 

 on May 1 sent a message to the Dattos demand- 

 ing that they give them up or send a peace dele- 

 gation with explanations. Instead of answering, 

 the Moros fired upon the troops at night. In 

 Bayan, near the lake, a large stockaded fort, de- 

 fended by 300 men, was shelled, but was not taken 

 until the infantry rushed the trench. On the 

 shore of the lake was a small fort to be taken, 

 covered like the others with brush to screen the 

 men with rifles and shotguns and hide portholes. 

 The field-battery shelled the walls, but made no 

 breach nor even silenced the fire of the lantakas, 

 which fire cartridges of bamboo an inch and a 

 half thick and four inches long, enclosing tightly 

 packed slugs, screws, pebbles, and bits of glass. 

 At close range they did considerable execution. 

 When the Moro fire slackened at last and the fort 

 was presumably wrecked the troops advanced 

 from all four sides. They came to a trench filled 

 with Moros, who fought to the death. Some of the 

 men and horses fell into deep pitfalls. Another 

 trench was enfiladed, and then a third, and a 

 fourth. The Sultan and Dattos of Bayan and the 

 Sultan of Pandopatan, the builder of the fort, 

 were killed and most of their men. When the fort 

 surrendered at daylight on May 3, 84 survivors 

 were found inside, while some escaped by a tun- 

 nel to the lake. The American losses were insig- 

 nificant in the previous actions, but in this en- 

 gagement 1 officer and 7 men were killed and 4 

 officers and 39 men wounded. The taking of Fort 

 Pandopatan ended the task of the expedition. A 

 fortified post was established at Vicars, in the in- 

 terior, and strongly garrispned, and communica- 

 tions were kept open with Zamboango on the sea- 

 coast. 



In the rainy season the Moros harassed the camp 



with a mountain battery at Camp Vicars. Before 

 these were assembled the Moros made several at- 

 tacks on the American camp, which Capt. John 

 J. Pershing, the commander, repelled with his cav- 

 alry. On Sept. 17, Capt. Pershing advanced at 

 the head of a column of 700 men against Maciu. 

 The Americans met but slight opposition at first, 

 capturing three forts in Goanan, two in Bayubas, 

 and two in Sanir. On entering the country of the 

 Sultans of Uali, Butig, and Maciu the troops were 

 frequently fired upon. Capt. Pershing halted to 

 send a message to the two Sultans of Maciu, who 

 replied contemptuously. Thirty more entrenched 

 and fortified positions were taken with a loss of 

 only 2 wounded, although 20 Moros were killed 

 in one engagement. As before, the Moros fell 

 back from one fortified position to another. On 

 Sept. 30 the column came in front of the strong- 

 hold of Maciu on the lake. The sultans boasted 

 that it was impregnable and the Americans knew 

 from their experience at Pandopatan that the 

 thick high walls, bristling with native cannon 

 and swarming with bolomen and riflemen hidden 

 in the shrubbery on top, could not be stormed 

 without severe losses. The approach was diffi- 

 cult, as the place was surrounded with swamps 

 on the land side, which it took time to bridge so 

 as to besiege the fort. Capt. Pershing at last dis- 

 posed his men at an effective range. A final 

 summons, with an offer of peace from Gen. Surn- 

 ner, was sent to the sultans, who replied that the 

 Americans must capture them in fight if they 

 wanted to confer with them. They had sworn 

 that they were willing to go with their people 

 into slavery if the fort could be captured with 

 them alive. The American riflemen and gunners 

 learned to pick out the embrasures and loopholes 

 and the marksmen on the walls by watching the 

 puffs of smoke. Shrapnel fire, solid shot sent 

 through the walls, and shells bursting within the 

 fort rendered the defenders apparently helpless. 

 The siege line was drawn closer, and Lieut. Loring 

 led a storming party, but it was called off when 

 an inner lower wall was found on which there were 

 plenty of yelling Moros. The bombardment was 

 resumed. The Sultan of Cabutatan made a des- 

 perate sortie, and was killed Avith all his followers, 

 yet, pierced with six wounds, he boloed an Ameri- 

 can. The besieged were well supplied with food 

 and water, but the American sharpshooters and 

 gunners killed them off, and on the night of Oct. 

 2, when Capt. Pershing had brought his batteries 



at Vicars and stabbed several unwary outposts up to 100 yards and closed in the infantry lines, 



those who remained escaped by the usual under- 

 ground passage. Besides the Sultan there were 7 

 Dattos and 42 other Moros killed and 50 wounded. 

 The American loss was only 2 wounded. The at- 

 tempt to form a combination among the rebellious 

 tribes was frustrated by the thorough defeat of 



with boles. On Aug. 1 a party crawled noiseless- 

 ly in the dark and fog to within leaping distance 

 and killed two sentinels and wounded another 

 with spears and krises. These men were from 

 Bacolod, whose Sultan, formerly friendly, had 

 been strengthening his forts since the arrival of 



the Americans, and was sending messages of de- the Macius, though the Sultan of Bacolod still 



fiance and committing depredations. The Maciu 

 Moros were equally truculent and yet bolder in 

 their attacks. Tagalog intriguers deluded the 

 Dattos and Sultans into believing that the Span- 

 iards were driving the Americans out of the Phil- 

 ippines, and that the United States was at war 

 with the Sultan of Turkey, recognized by the 



threatened war to defend the religion of Moham- 

 med. Gen. Chaff ee transferred the chief command 

 in the Philippines on Oct. 1 to Gen. Davis, who 

 after the return of the column to Camp Vicars 

 ordered Gen. Sumner to delay his intended expe- 

 dition against Barcolod to see the effect of Capt. 

 Pershing's victory. This effect was marked and 



Moros as the Caliph of Islam. The main motive instantaneous. The rebellious sultans made pro- 

 of their hostility was still that they had always fessions of peace and offered to furnish provisi 

 been in possession of the country about Lake and laborers. 



Lanao and would defend it from American, as Civil Government. The Philippine ( 



they had from Spanish occupation. Gen. Chaffee sion reached the conclusion that the only pos 



considered that a campaign was necessary to curb method of instructing the Filipinos in methods 



