PORTUGAL. 



571 



States, 14 per cent, from Germany, 8 per cent, 

 from France, 7 per cent, from (Spain, and 22 per 



about 12,200 tons. There is a railroad, 51 miles 

 long, connecting the port with the network of 



cent, from other countries. Of the total exports, British India, and grain and pulse brought in 



valued at 30,020,204 milreis, 27 per cent, went to coasting vessels are conveyed into the interior. 



Great Britain, 20 per cent, to Brazil, 19 per cent. The imports by sea and land amounted to 5,483,- 



to Portuguese colonies, 12 per cent, to Spain, and 924 rupees in 1900; exports, 1,502,287 ru]/ii~: 



22 per cent, to other countries. Germany and transit trade, 5,719,122 rupees. The revenue for 



other Continental countries have displaced Eng- 1902 was estimated at 1,019,868 milreis; expendi- 



land in some branches of the import trade. In ture, 1,028,420 milreis. The military force is 



spite of the chronic financial difficulties of the 1,082 men, of whom 786 are natives. Uamao and 



Government foreign trade is expanding. 



Diu, which also produce salt, have a combined 



Navigation. The number of vessels engaged area of 168 square miles and 77,454 inhabitants. 



in foreign commerce entered at Portuguese ports 

 during 1900 was 6,226, of 9,981,765 tons; cleared, 



They are governed from Goa. Macao is an is- 

 land at the mouth of the Canton river, where 



6,224, of 9,978,553 tons. Of these the number 3,106 indigenous Portuguese, 615 European Por- 



entered with cargoes was 4,115, of 6,365,911 tons; 

 cleared with cargoes, 4,132, of 1,256,048 tons. 

 The number of coasting vessels entered was 4,211, 

 of 1,301,949 tons; cleared, 4,132, of 1,256,048 tons. 



tuguese, 171 Portuguese from other colonies, 161 

 foreigners, and 74,568 Chinese live on an area of 

 4 square miles. A lively junk trade is carried 

 on with China. The smuggling of opium and 



The merchant navy on Jan. 1, 1900, consisted other articles has been checked by the establish- 



of 292 vessels, of 95,775 tons, excluding all below 

 50 tons. 



Railroads, Posts, and Telegraphs. The 

 railroads in operation in 1901 had a total length 



ment of a Chinese custom-house in the port. 

 The manufacture of smoking opium for export 

 to the United States and Australia was long a 

 profitable industry, but this is now declining. 



of 1,464 miles, of which the Government owned The value of manufactured opium exported in 



507 miles. The number of passengers carried in 

 1899 was 11,404,764; tons of goods, 2,430,881; net 

 earnings, 3,539,700 milreis. 



The number of internal letters, newspapers, and 

 other mail-matter carried by the post-office dur- 

 ing 1900 was 54,955,714; of international and co- 

 lonial mail-matter, 12,275,272. 



The telegraph-lines on Jan. 1, 1901, had a total 

 length of 5,180 miles, with 11,460 miles of wire. 

 The number of internal despatches in 1900 was 

 2,117,611; international despatches, 1,302,842. 



Political and Financial Situation. The 

 Government in 1902 made an arrangement with 

 the foreign bondholders for the conversion of the 

 external debt by which the reduced interest on 



1898 was 1,387,202 taels. Most of the trade of 

 the port is carried on by Chinamen. There is a 

 military force of 488 men, including 164 natives. 

 The revenue for 1902 was estimated at 627,534 

 milreis, and expenditure at 426,342 milreis. The 

 total value of imports in 1900 was $17,920,339 

 in silver, and of exports $14,068,269. The colony 

 of Timor was administered until 1896 from Ma- 

 cao, which in 1902 contributed from its revenue 

 32,400 milreis, making the total revenue of Timor 

 113,382 milreis, while the expenditure was 164,- 

 396 milreis. The Portuguese part of the island of 

 Timor not having been delimited from the Dutch 

 part, although a joint delimitation was provided 

 for in the treaty of 1859, a new convention was 



the bonds was again increased by 50 per cent, recently concluded on this matter. The Portu- 

 Great commotion was produced by this and the guese part is estimated to contain 7,458 square 



alleged general financial mismanagement of the 

 Government. Riots were started at Oporto, and 

 from there disturbances spread to other parts of 



miles, with a population of 300,000. There is a 

 military force of 323 men, of whom 212 are na- 

 tives. The imports in 1899 were 195,461 milreis 



the country. At Coimbra the students created in value; exports, chiefly consisting of coffee and 



a -tumult, and the troops were insubordinate 

 when called upon to interfere. The university 

 was closed on May 2. Although shouts were 

 raised for the republic, the movement was mainly 

 directed against the ministry. The conversion bill 

 finally passed the House of Peers by 49 votes to 

 35 on May 10, after which the Cortes were closed, 

 to meet again on Jan. 2, 1903. 



wax, 134,220 milreis. 



The Cape Verde Islands, off the west coast of 

 Africa, have an area of 1,480 square miles, with 

 147,424 inhabitants according to the census of 

 Dec. 31, 1900, of whom 68,793 are males and 

 78,631 females, the total comprising 3,856 whites, 

 94,639 colored, and 48,929 negroes. The number 

 of foreigners was 245. The military force is 264 



Colonies. The Portuguese possessions in men, of whom 168 are natives. Coffee, medicinal 



Asia and Africa were acquired when Portugal plants, and millet are the chief products, 



was a great maritime and commercial power, revenue for 1902 was estimated at 4 



The colonies that remain are not commercially reis, and expenditure at 362,328 imlreis. 



important and are a financial burden which is value of imports in 1900 was 2,843,314 milreis 



borne, as was that of Spain, from sentiments of that of exports, 351,948 milreis. The number of 



national honor and historical pride. In recent vessels that visited the ports during 1 



times the Government has resorted to the plan 3,841, of 4,786,609 tons, inclusive of 1 



of entrusting the development of the natural re- vessels. Portuguese Guinea, on the Senegal coast 



sources of the colonies to chartered companies, opposite the Cape \erde Islands, has an area 



to which foreigners have contributed capital 4,440 square miles, with about 



though their charters contain restrictions intend- 

 ed to safeguard their Portuguese nationality. 

 The Minister of Finance estimated in 1899 that 

 the Government had expended in thirty years at 

 least 67,500,000 milreis on the colonies. 



itants. The revenue for 1902 was estimated at 

 126,040 milreis, and expenditure at 208,080 mil- 

 reis. The military force is 247 men, of whom 

 143 are natives. The value of imports in 1899 

 was 950.828 milreis; the exports, consisting of 



Portugal possesses Goa on the Malabar coast, rubber, wax, oil-seeds, ivory, and hides, were val- 

 Damao on the coast of Bombay, and the island ued at 332.979 milreis in 1899 and 401,455 milreis 

 of Diu west of it. Goa has an area of 1,390 in 1900. The number of vessels, excluding coast- 

 square miles and a population of 494.836, among ers, that visited the ports during 1M 

 whom there is a considerable infusion of white of 57,007 tons. The island of St. Thomas and 

 blood. The production of salt by evaporation is Principe, in the Gulf of Guinea, have an area of 

 the main industry, and the annual production is 360 square miles and a population, as shown by 



