ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH. 



ROUMANIA. 



601 



the hospital sisters alone, and that Catholic edu- 

 cation, especially that at the theological faculty 

 at Innsbruck, is internationally famous. 



A brilliant young Alsatian priest, Dr. Albert 

 Ehrhard, Professor of Church History at the Uni- 

 versity of Vienna, has published a work on the 

 Catholic Church and the Twentieth Century, 

 which has made a great sensation in Austria and 

 Germany and in a few months has reached its 

 eighth edition. 



There is a growing union between the Christian 

 Socialists and the Catholic Conservatives. It ex- 

 ists already in lower Austria, Salzkammergut, 

 Styria, Tyrol, and Silesia. 



Scotland. The Bishop of Galloway says, in 

 his Lenten pastoral, " the law of nature and of 

 grace " has impelled Catholic parents to provide 

 for the religious education of their children, " and 

 this has been most unfairly hampered in a Chris- 

 tian land." 



Archbishop Eyre, of Glasgow, died. He was 

 consecrated in Rome in 1869, and made arch- 

 bishop by Pope Leo on the reestablishment of the 

 Scottish hierarchy in 1878. 



Portugal. According to a Portuguese corre- 

 spondent of the Civilta Cattolica (March 15), the 

 regulations of the Government concerning the re- 

 ligious orders will be, if not modified, even more 

 disastrous than those of France. The seculari- 

 zation of the religious, if insisted upon, according 

 to what seem to be the ideas of its authors, will 

 forbid the taking of vows, the receiving of nov- 

 ices, and the observances of the rules of religious 

 enclosure or seclusion. 



Colombia. Nowhere has greater honor been 

 done to the papal jubilee than in Colombia, South 

 America. A decree of the Government, issued in 

 the midst of insurrection, proclaims the celebra- 

 tions. It recalls the late official acknowledgment 

 of the actual sovereignty of Christ in 1898, and 

 expresses the people's determination " to repay by 

 demonstrations of reverence and gratitude the fa- 

 vors shown them by the great reigning pontiff." 



Hungary. The last census of Hungary gives 

 the whole population as 19,254,559; Catholics, 11,- 

 774,056 (Latin Catholics, 9,919,913; Uniate Greek 

 Catholics, L854,143). The Catholics form 56.6 per 

 cent, of the whole population, an increase of 10.3 

 per cent, in the ten years from 1890-1900. 



Holland. According to the recent census, 35.4 

 per cent, of the population of Holland is Catholic. 

 The Protestants number about 3,000,000, and the 

 Catholics 1,700,000. There are about 100,000 

 Jews. Of the 58 Deputies of the Second Chamber, 

 25 are of the Catholic faith. 



Brazil. " Urged by the supplications of the au- 

 thorities, both civil and ecclesiastical, and at the 

 earnest request of the people," the Pope has erect- 

 ed two new episcopal sees in Brazil Alagoas and 

 Porto Algre. He has also appointed bishops to 

 the vacant sees of Spirito Santo and Belem de 

 Para, and a coadjutor, with the right of succes- 

 sion, to the Bishop of Diamantino. 



Martinique. Thirteen Fathers of the Holy 

 Ghost, 11 colonial priests, 33 Sisters of St. Joseph 

 of Cluny, and 28 Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres 

 perished in the earthquake at Martinique. 



The Philippines. One clause in the bill in- 

 troduced by the chairman of the Senate Commit- 

 tee on Philippine Affairs is of special interest to 

 Catholics. It empowers the present Philippine 

 Commission to purchase the lands now held by 

 the religious orders, and to dispose of them on 

 proper terms to the native tenantry. 



Turkey. The Sultan has issued an iradc, recog- 

 nizing the right of Germany and Italy to protect 

 their Catholic subjects in the Turkish Empire. 



ROUMANIA, a kingdom in eastern Europe. 

 The legislative power is vested in the Senate and 

 Chamber of Deputies. The Senate has 121 mem- 

 bers, including the Crown Prince, 8 bishops, 2 

 members for universities, and 110 member* elect- 

 ed for eight years. The Chamber ot Deputies 

 has 183 members, who are elected for four years. 

 Owners of property worth 1,250 lei or more 

 a year form the first-class of voters, those who 

 pay 20 lei in direct taxes or have an elemen- 

 tary education form the second, and all others 

 who pay taxes belong to the third, in which 

 priests, schoolmasters, and possessors of property 

 worth 300 lei a year who can read and write 

 vote directly and the others choose delegates, 

 1 to 50 voters. These three classes elect the mem- 

 bers of the Chamber. Senators are elected by 

 two classes of proprietors, the first having an in- 

 come of 2,000 lei or upward from their property, 

 the second having an income from 800 lei up to 

 2,000 lei. The reigning King is Carol I, born April 

 20, 1839, son of Prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sig- 

 maringen, elected Domn of Roumania on Apnl 

 20, 1866, by the Constituent Assembly and pro- 

 claimed King on March 26, 1881. The heir pre- 

 sumptive is Prince Ferdinand of Hohenzollern- 

 Sigmaringen, the King's nephew, born Aug. 24, 

 1865. 



The ministry constituted on Feb. 27, 1901, was 

 composed as follows: President of the Council, 

 Minister of Foreign Affairs, and Minister of War 

 ad interim, Demeter Sturdza ; Minister of the In- 

 terior, Peter S. Aurelian; Minister of Justice, C. 

 J. Stoicesco; Minister of Finance, G. D. Pallades; 

 Minister of Public Instruction and Worship, Spiro 

 D. Haret; Minister of Public Works, J. J. C. 

 Bratiano; Minister of Agriculture, Industry, Com- 

 merce, and Domains, B. M. Missir. 



Area and Population. Roumania has an area 

 of 50,720 square miles. The population in 1899 

 Avas 5,912,520, an average of 116 to the square 

 mile. Of the total 92.5 per cent, were Rouma- 

 nians, 2.9 per cent, were foreign citizens, and 4.6 

 per cent., 272,421 in number, were Jews and Mo- 

 hammedans of Roumanian birth who are denied 

 the status of citizenship and regarded as foreign- 

 ers. Outside of Roumania, in Hungary and 

 Transylvania, Servia, Bulgaria, and Turkey, are 

 between 9,000,000 and 10,000,000 persons of Rou- 

 manian race. The number of marriages in 1900 

 was 40,407; of births, 234,843; of deaths, 146.144; 

 excess of births, 88,699. 



Finances. The revenue for the financial year 

 ending March 31, 1901, was 209,512,633 lei, 'and 

 the expenditure 237,286,775 lei. For 1902 the esti- 

 mated revenue was 227,203,000 lei, and the esti- 

 mated expenditure the same. For the financial 

 year ending March 31, 1903, the budget estimate 

 of revenue is 218,500,000 lei, of which direct taxes 

 produce 43,615,000 lei, indirect taxes 56,510.000 lei, 

 monopolies 50,900,000 lei, the Ministry of Agri- 

 culture 23,345,000 lei, the Ministry of Public 

 Works 22,520,000 lei, the Ministry of the Interior 

 10,534,000 lei, the Ministry of Finance 3.356.000 

 lei, the Ministry of War 983,000 lei, the Ministry 

 of Foreign Affairs 202.000 lei, the Ministry of In- 

 struction and Worship 794,000 lei, the Ministry 

 of Justice 231,000 lei, and various sources 5,510,- 

 000 lei. The expenditure for 1903 is estimated 

 at 218,500,000 lei, balancing the budget, and of 

 this total the public debt takes 86.441.092 lei, the 

 Ministry of War 37,720,000 lei, the Ministry of 

 Finance 34.823.000 lei, the Ministry of Instruction 

 and Worship 24.024,000 lei, the Ministry of the 

 Interior 15,259.000 lei, the Ministry of Public 

 Works 5,790.000 lei, the Ministry of Justice 5.230,- 

 000 lei, the Ministry of Agriculture 4,193,000 lei. 



