02 



ROUMANIA. 



the Ministry of Foreign Affairs 1,539,000 lei, and 

 the Council of Ministers 56,400 lei, leaving for sup- 

 plementary credits 2,524,508 lei. 



The public debt on April 1, 1901, amounted to 

 1,432,015,515 lei. The annual charge for 1902 was 

 86,040,328 lei. 



The Army and Navy, The army consists of 

 8 battalions of rifles, 34 regiments of infantry, 6 

 regiments of hussars, 11 regiments of cavalry, 12 

 regiments of field-artillery, 2 regiments of siege- 

 artillery, 2 regiments of engineers, 5 companies of 

 artificers, 4 squadrons of train, and 4 companies of 

 hospital troops. The troops are organized in 4 

 army corps of 2 divisions each, the division consist- 

 ing of 2 brigades of infantry, with 1 brigade of 

 cavalry attached to each corps, and a separate di- 

 vision 'in the Dobrudja and cavalry brigades at 

 Tececiu and Galatz. The peace strength in 1900 

 was 3,474 officers and 116,178 non-commissioned 

 officers and men, with 21,318 horses and 384 guns. 

 The infantry weapon is the Mannlicher rifle of the 

 model of 1883. The territorial army numbers 72,- 

 000 men, with 7,500 horses. 



The naval force consists of the protected cruiser 

 Elisabeta, of 1,320 tons, a training-ship, 7 gun- 

 boats, 6 coast-guards, a despatch-boat, and 6 first- 

 class and 2 second-class torpedo-boats. 



Commerce and Production. The yield of 

 wheat in 1901 from 1,636,557 hectares was 25,- 

 508,840 hectoliters; of rye from 211,424 hectares, 

 3,373,650 hectoliters; of barley from 503,698 hec- 

 tares, 8,535,925 hectoliters; of oats from 265,124 

 hectares, 5,828,550 hectoliters; of corn in 1900 from 

 2,035,268 hectares, 29,970,400 hectoliters; of wine 

 from 145,612 hectares, 3,497,650 hectoliters; of 

 prunes from 72,411 hectares, 3,567,380 hectoliters; 

 of tobacco from 4,550 hectares, 40,096 quintals; of 

 colza in 1901 from 135,000 hectares, 1,518,000 hec- 

 toliters; of linseed from 20,929 hectares, 195,205 

 hectoliters; of hemp in 1900 from 6,077 hectares, 

 20,350 quintals of fiber and 43,386 hectoliters of 

 seed; of hay from 630,217 hectares, 11,610,841 

 quintals. There were 864,746 horses, 2,589,040 

 cattle, 5,644,210 sheep, and 1,709,909 hogs in 1900. 

 The state salt-mines produced 104,665 tons in 

 1900. Coal and petroleum are among the mineral 

 products and metalliferous ores are mined in the 

 Carpathians. 



The total value of imports in 1900 was 216,- 

 985,878 lei, and of exports 280,000,431 lei. The im- 

 ports of cereals were 7,077.657 lei, and exports. 

 172,726,869 lei; imports of textiles 73,963,403 lei, 

 and exports 2,881,325 lei; imports of metals and 

 metal manufactures 53,162,020 lei, and exports 

 5,333,281 lei ; imports of hides and leather 6,395,- 

 626 lei, and exports 2,962,227 lei; imports of min- 

 eral fuel 4,636,917 lei, and exports 10,448,180 lei; 

 imports of minerals, glass, and pottery 3,939,157 

 lei, and exports 592,655 lei; imports of oil and wax 

 5,605,646 lei, and exports 6,326 lei; imports of 

 colonial products 14,252.283 lei, and exports 86,717 

 lei ; imports of fruits 3,198.639 lei, and exports 47,- 

 059,215 lei; imports of animal products 4,655,001 

 lei, and exports 7,202,960 lei; imports of live ani- 

 mals 949,799 lei, and exports 9,548,048 lei; im- 

 ports of colors and dyes 2,868,450 lei, and exports 

 165,451 lei; imports *of timber 2,138,038 lei, and 

 exports 12,321,859 lei; imports of paper 4,582,959 

 lei, and exports 247,973 lei; imports of drugs 

 4,093,790 lei, and exports 17.533 lei. 



The construction of a harbor at Costanza has 

 been of benefit to the export trade. The values 

 in lei, or francs, of the imports from and exports 

 to different countries in 1900 are given in the 

 table above. 



Navigation. The number of vessels entered in 

 1900 was 27,090, of 7,528,855 tons; cleared, 27,- 



015, of 7,084,990 tons. The commercial navy in 

 1900 comprised 392 sailing vessels, of 74,604 tons, 

 and 71 steamers, of 15,116 tons. The Government 

 maintains in connection with the railroads a 

 steamboat service on the Danube and the Black 

 Sea. 



Railroads, Posts, and Telegraphs. There 

 were 2,060 miles of state railroads in 1901, and 

 930 miles were building or authorized. The re- 

 ceipts in 1899 were 46,197,275 lei, and expenses 

 37.500,000 lei; capital expenditure, 717.627,050 lei. 



The post-office in 1900 carried 19.604,457 letters, 

 12,063,991 postal cards, and 27,897,717 newspa- 

 pers and parcels. 



The telegraphs in 1900 had a length of 4,344 

 miles, with 11,246 miles of wire. There were 52 

 telephone circuits in 1900, with 4,090 miles of 

 line and 5,860 miles of wire; the number of con- 

 versations in the year was 1,940,824. 



Internal Affairs. The financial difficulties of 

 the Roumanian Government reflect the economic 

 situation of the country, which has grown 'stead- 

 ily worse in consequence of the competition of 

 American corn and wheat. Deficits in the budget 

 have in a few years piled up a floating debt of 

 175,000,000 lei. On Jan. 22, 1902, Minister Pal- 

 lades laid down the portfolio of finance, which 

 Premier Sturdza assumed ad interim, transferring 

 the charge of foreign affairs temporarily to Min- 

 ister Bratiano in addition to his duties at the 

 head of the Public Works Department. Subse- 

 quently this latter portfolio was given ad interim 

 to Minister of Justice Stoicesco. The Legislature, 

 which met on Jan. 23, passed a bill for the organi- 

 zation of industrial societies and the protection of 

 Roumanian workmen against the competition of 

 foreigners. A project of the Minister of the In- 

 terior to forbid by law all merchandizing by for- 

 eigners in rural communities was given up in def- 

 erence to public opposition. A higher protective 

 duty was imposed on foreign sugar. A bill was 

 passed making criminal judges irremovable dur- 

 ing good behavior. The financial deficit for 1901 

 was provided for without the sale of domains that 

 had been proposed. By curtailment of expendi- 

 ture a balance was reached in the budget of 1902, 

 and for the next year a considerable surplus \\;i< 

 predicted. On March 11 the parliamentary ses- 

 sion was closed. In the summer the King visited 

 Bulgaria to indicate that friction between the 

 two countries was at an end. On July 28, the 

 Cabinet was reconstituted as follows: President 

 of the Council and Minister of War, Demeter 

 Sturdza; Minister of Agriculture, Commerce, In- 

 dustry, and Domains, Peter S. Aurelian; Minister 

 of Justice, E. Statesco; Minister of the Interior, 

 J. D. Pallades; Minister of Public Works, C. J. 

 Stoicesco ; Minister of Public Worship and Instruc- 

 tion, Spiro D. Haret; Minister of Foreign Affairs, 

 J. J. C. Bratiano; Minister of Finance, M. Cos- 

 tinesco. At the reassembling of the Chambers on 

 Nov. 27, Minister Aurelian resigned his post on 

 the ground of ill health, and the Prime Minister 

 took charge of the department ad interim. 



