616 



SALVADOR. 



SAMOA. 



trative matter at his own discretion or to disap- 

 prove any act of the Senate and refer it to the 

 Emperor. The inferior officials can now be ap- 

 pointed by the Governor-General, or, when still 

 appointed by the Senate, they must have his ap- 

 proval. Graduates of Russian universities and 

 higher educational establishments are made eligi- 

 ble, even without naturalization, to Government 

 posts in Finland on the same terms as persons edu- 

 cated in Finnish institutions, just as Finns already 

 were eligible to appointments in the Russian serv- 

 ice. Applications, addresses, and petitions intend- 

 ed, under the disguise of representations as to the 

 needs of the country, to censure measures of the 

 Government or disturb public order must not 

 be dealt with by the Senate. On Oct. 1, 1903, 

 Russian becomes the official language of the Sen- 

 ate. The Procurator-General may lodge with the 

 Emperor representations as to illegal action of 

 the Senate, but can no longer impeach the acts 

 of the Governor-General. The article in the Con- 

 stitution making judges and Government officials 

 irremovable except by trial and judgment of a 

 court of law is abolished. The Governor-General, 

 through the Senate, is empowered to dismiss offi- 

 cials, but they can not be tried without the per- 

 mission of their superiors. On the day when this 

 law was published the judges of the Appellate 

 Court were dismissed who had adjudged the mil- 

 itary service law to be invalid. The Senate, hav- 

 ing applied for permission to draw up a bill to be 

 submitted to the Diet, setting forth the legisla- 

 tive matters that should be regarded as of impe- 

 rial interest, the Emperor granted leave to draw 

 up such a project to be submitted to him for ap- 

 proval, but not to the Finnish Diet. In the au- 

 tumn the emigration of Finns to America was 

 augmented in consequence of the destruction of 

 the grain and hay crops by floods. 



Asiatic Dependencies. Bokhara, in central 

 Asia, is tributary to Russia. Muzaft'ereddin, the 

 late Amir, proclaimed a holy war against the Rus- 

 sians in I860, in consequence of which his coun- 

 try was invaded and he was forced to cede the Syr 

 Daria district to Russia, to admit Russian mer- 

 chants, and to pay an indemnity. In 1873 he 

 signed another treaty agreeing to exclude all for- 

 eigners without Russian passports. Seyid Abdul 

 Akhad, the present Amir, born March 20, 1859, 

 succeeded his father in 1885. The area of the 

 state is 92,000 square miles, its population about 

 1,250,000. The products are grain, cotton, silk, 

 tobacco, and hemp. Russian traders pay a duty 

 of 2 per cent, on imports and exports. The an- 

 nual product of silk is 967 tons; of cotton, 32,000 

 tons. 



The khanate of Khiva, having aided the Khir- 

 giz in their rebellion against Russia, was subdued 

 in 1872 and forced to pay an indemnity of 2,750,- 

 000 rubles in annual instalments. The area is 

 22,320 square miles, the population about 800,- 

 000, half of whom are nomads. About 48 tons of 

 silk and 8,064 tons of cotton are raised annually. 

 The reigning Khan is Seyid Mohammed Rahim 

 Khan, born in 1845, who succeeded his father in 

 1865. 



The territory of Kwangtung in China, including 

 Port Arthur and Talienwan, was leased to Russia 

 for twenty-five years by an agreement signed on 

 March 27, 1898, and on Aug. 28, 1899, was made a 

 Russian province. Port Arthur is reserved as a 

 naval port for Russian and Chinese war-vessels, 

 also a part of the harbor of Talienwan, while the 

 other part is open to commercial vessels of all na- 

 tions. Dalny, a new Russian town at the south- 

 ern end of the port, is the commercial terminus 

 of the Manchurian Railroad connected with the 

 Transsiberian trunk line. 



S 



SALVADOR, a republic of Central America. 

 The legislative power is vested in the National 

 Assembly, a single Chamber of 42 members, elect- 

 ed for each annual session by universal adult 

 male suffrage. The President is elected by the 

 direct popular vote for four years. Gen. Tomas 

 Regalado was elected President for the term be- 

 ginning March 1, 1899. The Cabinet at the be- 

 ginning of- 1902 was composed of the following 

 members: Minister of Foreign Affairs and Jus- 

 tice, Dr. Federico A. Reyes; Minister of the In- 

 terior, War, and Marine, Dr. Ruben Rivera; Min- 

 ister of Charity and Public Instruction, Dr. J. 

 Trigueros; Minister of Finance, Public Credit, 

 and Public Works, Dr. F. A. Novoa. 



Area and Population. The republic has an 

 area of 7,225 square miles. The population ac- 

 cording to the census of March 1, 1901, is 1,006,- 

 848, composed of 493,955 males and 512,955 fe- 

 males. The number of Indians was 234,640, of 

 Ladinos, or mestizos, 772,200. San Salvador, the 

 capital, had 59,540 inhabitants; Santa Ana, 48,- 

 120; San Miguel, 24,768. 



Finances. The revenue in 1900 was $6,293,462 

 in silver; expenditure, $6,794,874. For the year 

 ending May 31, 1901, the revenue was estimated 

 at $4,992,520, and expenditure at $5,201.720. For 

 1902 the estimate of revenue was $5,619,800, of 

 which import and export duties yield $4,483,500 

 and excise duties, stamps, and the post-office 

 the remainder; expenditxires were estimated at 

 $5,752.115, of which the public debt takes $1,280,- 

 000, war and marine $1,103,440, internal admin- 



istration $976,286, public works $756,100. The 

 Salvador Railroad Company in 1900 assumed the 

 external debt, amounting to 726,420, giving its 

 own securities on the guarantee of an annual 

 subsidy of 24,000. The internal debt on Jan. 1, 

 1901, amounted to $9,350,368. 



Commerce and Production. The products 

 are coffee, indigo, sugar, rubber, cotton, dye- 

 stuffs, balsam, and tobacco. Cotton-growers re- 

 ceive a bounty of $1 on every quintal exported. 

 The mines produce gold, silver, copper, quicksil- 

 ver, and iron. Exports in 1900 were valued at 

 $9,132,958, of which $7,568,339 represent coffee, 

 $638,700 indigo, $295,439 balsam, $129,475 silver, 

 $111,127 tobacco, $96,981 sugar. 



Railroads and Telegraphs. A railroad from 

 the port of Acajutla to Santa Ana was extended 

 to San Salvador in April, 1900. Another railroad 

 runs from San Salvador to Tecla. The railrnail 

 company is building new lines in other direction--. 



The telegraphs have 1,850 miles of wire. The 

 number of messages in 1900 was 596,228. The 

 length of telephone-lines is 750 miles. 



SAMOA, a group of islands in the Pacific 

 Ocean, formerly a kingdom under the joint pro- 

 tection of England, Germany, and the United 

 States, divided between Germany and the Uni- 

 ted States in 1900 in accordance with the Anglo- 

 German convention of Nov. 14, 1899, tn which 

 the United States assented in January. 1900. Af- 

 ter the death of King Malietoa Laupepa in 1898 

 Chief-Justice Chambers decided that Mataafa, 

 being a former rebel, was ineligible to the king- 



