622 



SERVIA. 



24,451. The number of marriages in 1900 was 

 31,203; of births, 104,772; of deaths, 58,034; ex- 

 cess of births, 46,738. 



Finances. The revenue for 1901 was estimated 

 at 74,018,070 dinars, or francs, and the expendi- 

 ture at 73,992,543 dinars. Of the revenue 28,220,- 

 000 dinars came from direct taxation, 6,336,400 

 dinars from customs, 4,380,000 dinars from excise 

 taxes, 3,390,000 dinars from other taxes, 20,148,- 

 970 dinars from monopolies, 9,496,500 dinars from 

 public works, and 2,046,200 dinars from various 

 sources. Of the expenditures 1,200,000 dinars 

 went for the civil list of the King, 20,095,150 di- 

 nars for public debt charges, 1,560,000 dinars for 

 dotations, etc., 454,310 dinars for the National 

 Assembly, 406,500 dinars for general credits, 

 2,950,365' dinars for pensions, 1,792,228 dinars for 

 the Ministry of .Justice, 1,802,715 dinars for the 

 Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 9,246,869 dinars for 

 the Ministry of Finance, 17,602,700 dinars for the 

 Ministry of*War, 3,401,031 dinars for the Ministry 

 of Pubfic Instruction and Worship, 3,588,929 di- 

 nars for the Ministry of the Interior, 8,044,847 di- 

 nars for the Ministry of Public Works, 1,486,547 

 dinars for the Ministry of Commerce and Agri- 

 culture, and 360,352 dinars for the Court of Con- 

 trol. In the budget for 1902 the revenue was esti- 

 mated at 72,845,081 dinars, expenditure at 72,816,- 

 047 dinars. The charge for the public debt was 

 19,422,000 dinars. Ordinary expenditure was re- 

 duced 1,176,495 dinars, extraordinary expendi- 

 ture 2,120,424 dinars, and for the first time all 

 was included in the ordinary budget and receipts 

 were calculated on actual collections, the average 

 for three years, not on assessments, which have 

 proved illusory owing to heavy losses from un- 

 collected arrears and remissions. A deficit of 

 4,645,000 dinars was expected in 1902. 



The amount of the public debt on Jan. 1, 1901, 

 was 422,402,684 dinars, of which 351,551,993 dinars 

 consisted of the conversion loan of 1895, bearing 4 

 per cent, interest, 29,085,000 dinars of the lottery 

 loan of 1881, 9,568,000 dinars of a loan raised in 

 1886, 9,535,000 dinars of a loan secured on the to- 

 bacco monopoly, 9,285,184 dinars of a loan ob- 

 tained from the national bank, 3,750,000 dinars 

 of a Russian loan, and 10,420,000 dinars of a loan 

 raised at 5 per cent, in 1899. The floating debt in 

 the middle of 1902 was 36,748,055 dinars. 



The Army. The law of Jan. 27, 1901, makes 

 military service obligatory, lasting two years in 

 active service from the age of twenty, nine years 

 in the reserve, and six years in the first and eight 

 in the second ban of the national militia. The 

 effective provided for in the budget of 1901 was 

 661 officers and 14,000 men in the infantry, 101 of- 

 ficers and 1,400 men in the cavalry, 270 offi- 

 cers and 4,000 men in the artillery, 65 officers and 

 1,000 men in the engineers, 10 officers and 300 men 

 in the train, 49 officers and 500 men in the sani- 

 tary corps, 68 administrative employees and 24 

 officers on the staff; total, 1,248 officers and 21,- 

 200 men, with 4,846 horses and 192 field-guns. 

 In case of mobilization the active army and its 

 reserves can furnish 110,245 men embodied in 5 

 divisions; 14,864 cavalry, engineers, fortress-artil- 

 lery, etc., outside the divisions; and 35,643 depot 

 troops, making a total of 160,752 men, in addition 

 to whom the first ban can muster 126,610 and the 

 second 66,005 men. 



Commerce and Production. In 1900 the 

 grain exports were about 70,000 tons of wheat, 

 35,000 tons of corn, and 12.000 tons of barley. 

 The- exports of dried prunes are about 40,000 tons 

 a year, and nearly as great a quantity are manu- 

 factured into brandy. There were 62,385 cattle, 

 78,700 live hogs, and about 40,000 pork carcasses 



exported in 1900. The live stock of the country 

 on Jan. 1, 1901, consisted of 180,871 horses, 942,- 

 087 cattle, 3,013,644 sheep, 940,609 hogs, and 425,- 

 565 goats. About 1,200 tons of copper are pro- 

 duced annually, and lead, antimony, and silver 

 are mined, besides coal in considerable quantities. 

 The value of imports in 1900 was 54,027. -J-JS 

 dinars; exports, 66,521,959 dinars; transit trade, 

 17,723,444 dinars. The imports of agricultural and 

 horticultural produce were 974,615 dinar? in value, 

 and exports 30,148,279 dinars; imports of ani- 

 mals and animal products 622,039 dinars, and ex- 

 ports 27,085,684 dinars; imports of colonial prod- 

 ucts 3,120,951 dinars; imports of hides, skins, and 

 leather 3,829,702 dinars, and exports 3,060,849 di- 

 nars; imports of cotton manufactures 6,470,511 

 dinars, and exports 1,009,009 dinars; imports of 

 wool and woolen manufactures 3,942,208 dinars, 

 and exports 93,368 dinars; imports of articles of 

 food and drink 962,671 dinars, and exports 3,207,- 

 329 dinars; imports of metals 6,667,474 dinars, and 

 exports 445,120 dinars; imports of clothing 2,968,- 

 860 dinars, and exports 48,825 dinars; imports of 

 pottery and glass 2,353,156 dinars, and exports 

 802,616 dinars; imports of timber and wood manu- 

 factures 2,606,579 dinars, and exports 247,993 di- 

 nars; imports of machinery 7,457,030 dinars, and 

 exports 6,851 dinars; imports of chemicals and 

 drugs 6,960.772 dinars, and exports 150.629 dinars; 

 imports of hardware 1,615,340 dinars, and exports 

 231 dinars. The values of imports from and ex- 

 ports to the principal countries in 1900 are given 

 in dinars in the following table: 



Railroads, Posts, and Telegraphs. The Bel- 

 grade, Nish, and Vranja Railroad with its branches 

 has a length of 354 miles. The cost was 105.547,- 

 724 dinars; gross earnings in 1899 were 6,397,709 

 dinars, and in 1900 they were 6,776,824 dinars. 

 A new line from Nish to Kladovo, to enter Rou- 

 mania by means of a bridge over the Danube, has 

 been authorized; also one from Nish to the Turk- 

 ish frontier, to be continued through Albania. 

 The former is to be prolonged to the Adriatic 

 through Montenegro, forming part of a scheme for 

 a Slav railroad. Lines are being construct oil 

 from Parachin to Zaichar and from Krushovatx 

 to Stalacs. 



The length of telegraph-lines on Jan. 1, 1901, 

 was 2.550 miles, with 5,170 miles of wire. The 

 number of despatches in 1900 was 1.079,435. 



The post-office carried 18.211,000 letters in 1900. 

 The receipts, including telegraph receipts, were 

 2,250.000: expenses, 1,406.150 dinars. 



Political Affairs. The Cabinet of Dr. Vuich 

 was a combination of Moderate Radical and Pro- 

 L;H <sist elements. It introduced economies in the 

 budget, yet was not able to overcome "the finan- 

 cial difficulties. The expenditures of the Govern- 

 ment have increased from 20.000.000 dinars in 

 1880 to over 72.000.000 dinars, and receipts have 



