SOUTH AFRICA. 



637 



a revenue of 10,370,000 was expected, and a 

 surplus of 286,227. The bonds of the Free State 

 given for the Bloemfontein Railroad built by 

 Cape Colony would pay the war cost of 1,800,- 

 000. The 3,437 rebels who surrendered under the 

 proclamation of June 11, 1902, were disfranchised 

 for life, in addition to 2,337 voters convicted by 

 the special tribunals constituted in 1900, besides 

 whom 1,217 were convicted who were not voters. 

 A bill provided for raising a loan of 1,250,000 



for compensating war losses, first of those not 

 found guilty of treason, and second of those found 

 guilty, though not such as had twice rebelled. 

 On Nov. 4 the Government was defeated on a 

 bill to reorganize and augment the mounted 

 troops of the colony by 34 votes to 29. In elec- 

 tions to fill the vacant seats Progressives were 

 elected. The Afrikander Bond changed its name 

 to the South African party, and put forth as its 

 program the realization of the unity of the differ- 

 ent nationalities in South Africa and the federa- 

 tion of the South African colonies with due regard 

 to their individual interests and the supremacy of 

 the British Crown. Martial law was repealed on 

 Sept. 17, and at the same time the peace preserva- 

 tion act was proclaimed, enabling the Govern- 

 ment to control the importation and possession 

 of arms and requiring the registration of all arms 

 and ammunition. In the new colonies the im- 

 portation of arms was forbidden; only specially 

 licensed persons could have them, those needing 

 them for defense against natives; and no dealer 

 could keep more than a certain small stock of 

 ammunition. One of the causes of quarrel be- 

 tween the Premier and his party was that he 

 would not duplicate this legislation in Cape Col- 

 ony and introduce more stringent treason and se- 

 dition laws, but he insisted that existing laws 

 were sufficient. 



Bechuanaland. The native territory west of 

 the Transvaal and east of German Southwest Af- 

 rica, extending northward to the Zambesi, belong- 

 ing to the Bamangwato under Khama and the 

 Bakhatla under Lenchwe, the Bakwena under 

 Sebele, the Bangwakatse under Bathoen, and the 

 Bamaliti under Ikaning, is a British protectorate 

 over which there is a resident commissioner un- 

 der the High Commissioner for South Africa. There 

 is a European mounted police of 12 officers and 

 115 men and a native police of 60 men. The na- 

 tives pay a hut tax, which is collected by their 

 chiefs. The Resident Commissioner in 1902 was 

 R. C. Williams. When British Bechuanaland, in- 

 cluding the suppressed Boer Republic of Stella- 

 land in the country of the Baralong under Mont- 

 sioa, with an area of 51,736 square miles and a 

 population of 72,736, including 5,211 whites, was 

 Incorporated in Cape Colony in November, 1895, 

 new arrangements were made with Khama, Sebele, 

 and Bathoen, through whose districts the railroad 

 to Rhodesia was afterward built. The area of the 

 protectorate is about 213,000 square miles, and the 

 population 200,000. 



Basutoland. The Basuto country, lying be- 

 tween Cape Colony, Natal, and the Orange Free 

 State, was made a British protectorate in 1868, 

 annexed to Cape Colony in 1874, and taken direct- 

 ly under the authority of the Crown in 1884. It 

 is administered by a Resident Commissioner, H. 

 C. Sloley in 1902, under the High Commissioner's 

 direction. Chiefs allied to the family of Moshesh 

 hold authority in the wards into which the 7 

 districts are subdivided. European settlement on 

 the land is not allowed. There were 674 European 

 officials, missionaries, and traders in 1891 and 

 263.500 natives, who grow mealies, wheat, and 

 Kafir corn and rear live stock. There were 81,- 



194 horses and 320,934 cattle. The police force 

 consists of 21 Europeans and 238 natives. The 

 revenue in 1901 was 74,891, derived from a hut 

 tax of 20*., licenses, the post-office, and a share in 

 the customs duties. The dutiable imports, consist- 

 ing of clothing, groceries, blankets, plows, sad- 

 dlery, and hardware, amounted in the year end- 

 ing June 30, 1901, to 145,474. The exports, con- 

 sisting of grain, wool, horses, and cattle, amount- 

 ed to 361,647. 



The British authorities had difficulties with the 

 Basutos during and after the war. The young 

 chief, Joel, offered to make common cause with the 

 Boers, but was told it was a white man's war. 

 He nevertheless gave them valuable assistance 

 in food and horses, and his men served them on 

 their farms and in the field. After the war the 

 British proposed to try him for treason. Lethorodi, 

 the paramount chief, demurred, but he was ar- 

 rested and tried at Maseru, and sentenced to pay 

 a fine in cattle and spend a year in prison. 



Natal. The colony of Natal has a represen- 

 tative government. The Governor appoints the 

 ministers and the Legislative Council, and his as- 

 sent, which can be revoked within two years, is 

 necessary for the enactment of laws. He may 

 also present laws to the Assembly or the Council. 

 The Legislative Council has 12 members, 1 of 

 whom represents Zululand, which was annexed to 

 the colony on Dec. 30, 1897. The Legislative As- 

 sembly has 39 members, including 2 for Zululand. 

 They are elected for four years by owners of 50 

 worth of real property or occupants of property 

 paying 10 rent or possessors of an income of 

 96. All money bills must be introduced by the 

 Governor. The Governor is Col. Sir Henry Ed- 

 ward McCallum. The ministry formed on June 

 9, 1899, was composed as follows: Premier and 

 Minister of Lands and Works, Lieut.-Col. Sir A. 

 H. Hime; Attorney-General and Minister of Edu- 

 cation, H. Bale; Secretary for Native Affairs, F. 

 R. Moor; Colonial Secretary, C. J. Smythe; Treas- 

 urer, W. Arbuckle ; Minister of Agriculture, H. D. 

 Winter. 



The colony contained 18,750 square miles before 

 the annexation of Zululand, which added 10,450 

 miles to its area, making a total of 29,200 square 

 miles. The population in 1900, exclusive of mili- 

 tary, foreigners, and refugees from the Orange 

 River State and the Transvaal, consisted of 64,951 

 whites, 70,369 East Indians, and 794,650 Kafirs. 

 Durban had 48,410 inhabitants on Dec. 31, 1900; 

 Pietermaritzburg, 28,500. 



The revenue of the colony for the year ending 

 June 30, 1900, was 1,886,710, and the expendi- 

 ture 1.990,522. Of the revenue 792,384 came 

 from railroads, 560,415 from customs duties, 

 154,817 from stamps, licenses, and the native hut 

 tax, 78,366 from sales of land, 69,529 from the 

 post-office, 52,106 from port dues, and 28,909 

 from excise duties. Of the expenditures 756,- 

 044 were for railroads, 127.035 for public works; 

 loan expenditure, 816,213. The public debt on 

 June 30, 1900, amounted to 9.019.143. The cost 

 of the police in 1900 was 163,803, and the ex- 

 penditure of the colony for the Natal volunteers 

 was 52,716, in addition to which the volunteers 

 and police on active service were paid by the col- 

 ony. The white police force numbered 671 men, 

 the volunteers 1,471 men, not counting the naval 

 defense corps of 101 men. 



The sugar-crop of 1900, impaired by drought, 

 was only 333,768 hundredweight. There wore 

 4,162 acres planted in tea, yielding 1,679,600 

 pounds. The total cultivated area was 636,374 

 acres, of which 176,655 acres were planted by Eu- 

 ropeans, 38,268 acres by Indians, and 421,451 by 



