638 



SOUTH AFRICA. 



natives. The live stock of the Europeans consist- 

 ed of 29,222 horses, 202,591 cattle, 530,754 sheep, 

 and 70,310 goats; thatof the natives numbered 24,- 

 874 horses, 145,409 cattle, 55,701 sheep, and 331,554 

 goats. The output of coal for 1900 was 241,330 

 tons, only from June, when the British recap- 

 tured the mines. Iron-mining has begun, and cop- 

 per has been found in the north. The total value 

 of imports in 1900 was 9,789,104, and of exports 

 4,792,097. About 63 per cent, of the imports 

 come from Great Britain, but in 1900 only 17 per 

 cent, of the exports went to Great Bi-itain. The 

 imports of machinery were 669,262; of dry- 

 goods, 409,344; of clothing, 374,711; of iron 

 manufactures and hardware. 368,342; of flour 

 and grain, 267,707; of wine, ale, and spirits, 

 202,000; of leather manufactures, 191,071; of 

 cotton goods, 85,969; of woolen goods, 40,136. 



The number of merchant vessels entered in 1900 

 was 664, of 1,318,885 tons; cleared, 641, of 1,296,- 

 468 tons. Of those entered 109, of 165,887 tons, 

 came direct from Great Britain and 354, of 966,500 

 tons, from Cape Colony, of which 339, of 766,483 

 tons, came from Great Britain; of those cleared 

 53, of 111,255 tons, sailed direct for Great Britain 

 and 254, of 567,863 tons, for Cape Colony. 



The length of railroads in 1902 was 612 miles, 

 all operated by the Government, and all, except 50 

 miles in Zululand, owned by the Government. 

 The main line from Durban through Pietermaritz- 

 burg to the Transvaal frontier, 306 miles, connects 

 with the line to Johannesburg and Pretoria. The 

 branch from Glencoe to the Buffalo river is to 

 be extended to Vryheid. The capital cost of the 

 railroads was 7,808,216. The receipts in 1900 

 were 1,242,280, and expenses 891,089. The net 

 receipts were equal to 4.49 per cent, on the capi- 

 tal. 



The British Government, acceding to the request 

 of the Natal Parliament, annexed to Natal the 

 Transvaal districts of Vryheid and Utrecht, but 

 refused to add the districts of Piet Retief and 

 Wakkerstropm and the Harrismith and Vrede dis- 

 tricts of the Orange River Colony. 



Orange River Colony. The annexation of the 

 Orange Free State to the British Empire under the 

 name of the Orange River Colony was proclaimed 

 on May 24, 1900, after the occupation of Bloem- 

 fontein, the capital, by the British forces. The 

 entire territory was still under military adminis- 

 tration in the beginning of 1902. The British 

 Government promised to restore civil government 

 as soon as circumstances would permit. Lord 

 Milner was appointed Governor of both the Orange 

 River Colony and the Transvaal, and Brig.-Gen. 

 H. J. Goold-Adams Lieutenant-Governor under 

 him of the Orange River Colony. 



The area of the colony when the annexation 

 was declared was 48,326 square miles, with a 

 population in 1891 of 77,716 whites and 129,787 

 natives. Of the whites 10,761 were farmers, and 

 of the colored 41,817 were servants of the whites. 

 The normal revenue in time of peace was esti- 

 mated by Sir David Barbour, appointed by the 

 British Government to investigate the financial 

 resources of the conquered territories, at 740,000, 

 and expenditure at 494,000. The British admin- 

 istrators calculated for 1902, on the basis of a res- 

 toration of peace, on a revenue of 756,200 and 

 an expenditure of 691,140, including 300.000 

 for the South African constabulary. The receipts 

 of the British administration from May 24, 1900, 

 to June 30, 1901, were 402.925; but the civil 

 revenue was 301,800, of which 151,000 came 

 from customs, 43,636 from the post-office, 28,- 

 000 from licenses and stamps, 11,823 from quit- 

 rents, and 10,100 from the native poll-tax. The 



total expenditure for the same period was 386,- 

 038, the expenditure for purely civil purposes 

 217,974. 



The revenue of the Boer Government in 1898 

 was 799,758, including 408,578 from railroads, 

 and the expenditure was 956,752, including 

 508,478 for railroads. For 1899 the revenue was 

 estimated at 656,914, and expenditure at 948,- 

 523. The Government in 1898 had a debt of 

 30,000, exclusive of the debt to the Cape Govern- 

 ment for building the railroad, while it owned 

 70,000 of stock in the national bank and pos- 

 sessed telegraphs, etc., worth 496,381. The Gov- 

 ernment lands had an area of 565,000 acres. The 

 Boers raised sheep, horses, cattle, and ostriches 

 and cultivated grain, although much of the land 

 is too dry for agriculture. There are extensive 

 coal-fields and diamond-fields which yielded 

 1,508,661 in 1898. The British authorities set- 

 tled military colonists on farms in the conquered 

 districts and furnished them with implements, 

 stores, and breeding stock with the object of 

 checking Boer influence and restocking the coun- 

 try with animals. Large tracts in the Ficksburg 

 and Thaba Nchu districts were acquired with the 

 object of dividing them among British settlers. 



All merchandise imported into the country fig- 

 ures in the imports of the Cape Colony or Natal 

 except cereals from Basutoland, which are con- 

 sumed or reexported to the Transvaal, as also Ba- 

 suto cattle and horses, and the wool from Basuto- 

 land, which appears again in the Orange River 

 wool exports. Of 1,190,932 of imports in 1898 

 the value of 849,540 came from Cape Colony, 

 224,029 from Natal, 68,708 from Basutoland, 

 and 48,655 from the South African Republic. 

 Of 1,923,425 of exports 910,289 went to the 

 South African Republic, 820,467 to Cape Colony, 

 147,177 to Natal, and 45,492 to Basutoland. 

 The length of the Government railroad, traversing 

 the country and connecting the Transvaal mines 

 and towns with the Cape network, is 392 miles, 

 built at a cost of 2,771,945. The telegraphs in 

 the colony have 1,480 miles of line, with 1,700 

 miles of wire, besides 420 miles of line and 1,119" 

 miles of wire on the railroad. 



The Transvaal. The South African Republic 

 after the occupation of Pretoria by British troops 

 was declared on Sept. 1, 1900, to be annexed to 

 the British dominions under the name of the 

 Transvaal Colony. Sir Alfred Milner, created Lord 

 Milner, was appointed Governor of both the 

 Transvaal and the Orange River Colony, being re- 

 placed as Governor and Commander-in-Chief of 

 Cape Colony by the Governor of Natal, but re- 

 taining the office of High Commissioner for Brit- 

 ish South Africa. 



The area of the Transvaal is 119,139 square 

 miles. The imperfect census of 1896 gave the pop- 

 ulation as 245,397 whites and the colored popu- 

 lation was estimated at 622,500. An official esti- 

 mate of 1898 made the colored population 748,759, 

 raising the total to 1,094,156. Pretoria, the capi- 

 tal, had about 10.000 inhabitants; Johannesburg, 

 102,078, of whom 50,907 were white, 42,533 Kafirs, 

 4,807 Indians and Chinese, 952 Malays, and 2,879 

 of mixed race. The revenue of the Republican 

 Government in 1898 was 3.983.560. and ex- 

 penditure 3,971,473. For 1899 the revenue 

 was estimated at 4,087,852, and expenditure 

 at 3,951,239. Sir David Barbour, in a report 

 on the finances made to the British Government, 

 estimated the future revenue at 3.341.920. and 

 expenditure at 2,607,121. From customs a 

 revenue of 1,100,000 is expected to be ob- 

 tained; from stamps and licenses, 480,000; 

 from the Netherlands Railroad Company's line 



