

SOUTH AFRICA. 



641 



ploitation of the gold-fields of Mashonaland and 

 Matabeleland, which have an extent of 5,250 

 square miles. The quantity of gold extracted up 

 to that time was 337,05(5 ounces. A company 

 has the concession of the coal-fields of Wankies, 

 which have an area of 000 square miles. Silver, 

 copper, zinc, lead, antimony, and arsenic have 

 been found. 



The Rhodesian Railroad, which joins the Cape 

 system at Vryburg and runs through Bechuana- 

 land and Matabeleland to Buluwayo, has been 

 taken over by the Cape Government. It will be 

 extended by the company to the Wankie coal- 

 mines, and thence to the Victoria Falls of the 

 Zambesi and northward to Lake Tanganyika. A 

 branch will run southward to Gwanda, and 

 thence to Tuli. A railroad built by the Mashona- 

 land Railway Company from Beira across Portu- 

 guese country to Umtali has been completed to 

 Salisbury, and a line is being built from that 

 town, which is the seat of the administration, 

 through Hartley and Gwelo to Buluwayo. A 

 railroad 75 miles long connects the mines of Lo- 

 mogundi with Salisbury. 



The post-office in 1901 carried 661,444 South 

 African letters and postal cards and 279,921 for 

 places beyond the seas; number of newspapers, 

 books, and parcels, 228,783; registered packets, 

 31,889. The postal revenue was 16,730; expend- 

 iture, 27,237.. 



The length of telegraphs in Rhodesia on April 

 1, 1901, was 3,554 miles, with 5,215 miles of wire. 

 Of the African transcontinental line, which has 

 reached Blantyre in British Central Africa and 

 been carried to Tanganyika and along its shore 

 through German territory to Ujiji, and is being 

 extended to the Nile north, was 1,308 miles. 

 There were 185,408 telegrams received and 211,267 

 despatched in 1901 ; receipts, 34,653 ; expenses, 

 27,321; receipts from telephones, 4,230. 



The undeveloped region north of the Zambesi 

 is divided into Northwestern Rhodesia, embracing 

 the native kingdom of Barotseland, and North- 

 eastern Rhodesia. Northeastern Rhodesia, com- 

 prising the region lying between the lakes Tan- 

 ganyika, Nyasa, Mweru, and Bangweolo- has an 

 area of about 120,000 square miles and a popula- 

 tion exceeding 300,000. There were 165 British 

 residents in 1901. It is divided into the districts 

 of Tanganyika, Mweru, Awemba, Luapala, Kafue, 

 Zumbo, and East, West, and North Loangwa. 

 The seat of administration is Fort Jameson, on 

 the Tanganyika plateau. The forces of the Brit- 

 ish Central Africa Protectorate preserve order. 

 Settlers have begun to plant coffee and to utilize 

 the abundant fiber-plants which grow wild. Rub- 

 ber and ivory are the chief exports at present. 

 Co^l and gold have been discovered. 



In Barotseland the seat of the administration 

 is at Victoria Falls. There are 6 stations alto- 

 gether. Col. Colin Harding has organized a na- 

 tive police force. The slave-trade has been sup- 

 pressed and the traffic in liquor is regulated, with 

 the concurrence of Lewanika, the Barotse king, 

 whose kraal is at Lealui. 



Central Africa Protectorate. The British 

 Central Africa Protectorate, constituted on May 

 14, 1891, is administered by a Royal Commis- 

 sioner under instructions from the Secretary of 

 State for Foreign Affairs. The area is 42,217 

 square miles, south and east of Lake Nyasa. The 

 population is about 900,000. There were 450 Eu- 

 ropeans and 250 East Indians in 1901. Europeans 

 cultivate coffee in the Blantyre province, export- 

 ing 1.100 tons in 1899. Rice is grown with success, 

 and wheat has been introduced. Horses thrive 

 in the highlands. The revenue collected in 1900 

 VOL. XLII. 41 A 



was 47,077, and expenditure 96,366, the de- 

 ficiency being supplied by a grant from the Im- 

 perial Government. In 1901 the local revenue 

 was 49,215, and expenditure 78,366. The mil- 

 itary force maintained to preserve order and com- 

 bat the slave-trade consists of 215 Sikhs and one 

 of the battalions of the native Central Africa 

 regiment, the other battalion of which has served 

 in Mauritius and Somaliland and in active opera- 

 tions on the west coast of Africa. There is also 

 a police force of 200 men. The Gwendolen, of 

 350 tons, and two other gunboats are maintained 

 on the upper Shire and Lake Nyasa, and British 

 gunboats by arrangement with the Portuguese 

 Government patrol the lower Shire and the Zam- 

 besi. At Chinde, the port at the mouth of the 

 Zambesi, merchandise is transshipped to and from 

 river steamers free of duty in the British conces- 

 sion. A railroad is being constructed from Chi- 

 romo to Blantyre. The imports, consisting of 

 cottons, machinery, provisions, hardware, and 

 agricultural implements, rose steadily from 78,- 

 655 in 1897 to 176,000 in 1900; the exports, con- 

 sisting of ivory, coffee, and rubber, from 23,299 

 to 79,000. Coffee, owing to a decline in price 

 and failure of transport, fell off in the latter 

 year, and still more in 1901, when the total value 

 of imports was 146,063 and of exports 38,722. 

 The transit trade was 31,300 in 1900 and 51,- 

 333 in 1901. 



Portuguese Possessions. The Mozambique 

 and Loanda territories, now separated by British 

 Central Africa and Rhodesia, are nearly all that 

 remains of the former colonial empire of Portu- 

 gal. Portuguese East Africa, divided into the 

 districts of Mozambique, Zambesi, and Lourengo 

 Marques, the last including the Inhambane and 

 Gaza territories, has a total area of 301,000 

 square miles, with about 3,120,000 inhabitants. 

 The chartered Nyasa Company has a commercial 

 monopoly and administrative authority over the 

 northern part lying between the Rovuma and 

 Lurio rivers and Lake Nyasa. The Mozambique 

 Company has sovereign rights till 1941 over Ma- 

 nica and Sofala. The Zambesi Company conducts 

 agricultural and mining enterprises and trading 

 operations on the Zambesi river. The Inhambane 

 Company failed to utilize its privileges in the 

 district conceded to it and forfeited its charter. 

 The Portuguese Government keeps up a military 

 force of 3,904 men, of whom 2,468 are natives, 

 reducing it to 2,250 when there are no disturb- 

 ances. The local revenue in 1902 was estimated 

 at 2,837,545 milreis, which the metropolitan Gov- 

 ernment has to supplement to provide for a total 

 expenditure of 3,050,301 milreis. The imports of 

 the territories under Government administration 

 were 5,829,880 milreis in value, and exports 5ft36,- 

 404 milreis; imports of the Mozambique Com- 

 pany were 4,737,723 milreis, and exports 270,601 

 milreis ; imports of the Nyasa Company were 469,- 

 396 milreis, and exports 320,060 milreis; total im- 

 ports, 11,036.999 milreis; total exports, 6,427,065 

 milreis; transit trade, 6,263,867 milreis. The port 

 of Mozambique had in 1900 a population of 285 

 Europeans, 226 Asiatics, and 5,000 natives ; 

 Chinde, 218 Europeans and 1,300 natives; Beira, 

 1,438 Europeans and 2,000 natives: Inhambane, 

 100 Europeans, 250 Asiatics, and 3,000 natives; 

 Lourenc.0 Marques, 5,130 Europeans and 1,500 

 natives. The imports at Lourengo Marques in 

 1898 were 751,931; exports. 16.800; transit 

 trade, 1,770,082; tonnage entered, 1,032.543. At 

 Beira in 1900 the imports were 1,075,161; ex- 

 ports, 60,133; transit trade, 926,402; tonnage 

 entered, 726,725. At Quilimane imports were 

 117,987, and exports 73,587; tonnage entered, 



