642 



SOUTH AFRICA. 



SOUTH CAROLINA EXPOSITION. 



102,959. At Inhambane imports were 50,337; 

 exports, 30,565; transit trade, 137,955; ton- 

 nage entered, 41,000. At Chinde the transit trade 

 amounted to (59,419. At Mozambique the im- 

 ports were 90,351; exports, 02,434; tonnage 

 entered, 266,239. The imports into the Portu- 

 guese colony consist of cotton goods, hardware, 

 and liquors. The exports are rubber, ores, ivory, 

 and wax. The gold-fields in Manicaland have 

 been prospected by British and other miners, and 

 their claims are awaiting transport facilities be- 

 fore they can be developed. There were 23 steam- 

 boats, of 742 tons, and 106 barges, of 3,320 tons, 

 plying on the Zambesi and Shire rivers in 1900. 

 The Delagoa Bay Railroad has a length of 57 

 niiles in Portuguese territory to the Transvaal 

 border, and from there to Pretoria, 290 miles. 

 The Beira Railroad runs for 222 miles in Portu- 

 guese territory and is continued to Salisbury. 

 The telegraph-lines in the colony have a length of 

 1,850 miles, connecting with those of the Trans- 

 vaal and Rhodesia, Brig.-Gen. Raphael Gorjao 

 was Governor-General of Portuguese East Africa 

 in 1902. 



The colony of Angola has an area of 484,800 

 square miles and a population estimated at 4,119,- 



000. It is divided into the districts of Congo, 

 Loanda, Benguela, Mossamedes, and Lunda. The 

 military force is 4,731 men, of whom 3,602 are 

 natives, reduced in time of peace to a total of 

 2,721 men. The revenue for 1902 was estimated 

 at 1,844,075 milreis, and expenditure at 1,994,072 

 milreis. The Governor-General was Dr. F. X. 

 Cabral d'Oliviera Moncada. Portuguese and 

 Belgian companies have commercial, mining, and 

 industrial privileges. Copper, iron, petroleum, 

 salt, and gold exist. The chief exports are rub- 

 ber, coffee, wax, vegetable oils, ivory, cattle, and 

 dried fish. The coconut-palm flourishes. Sugar- 

 cane is raised for the distillation of rum. The 

 total value of imports in 1900 was 7,267,239 mil- 

 reis, and of exports 5,369,818 milreis. The export 

 of rubber was 1,995,934 kilograms. The number 

 of merchant vessels that called at the ports of 

 Ambriz, Loanda, Benguela, and Mossamedes in 

 1900 was 348, of 505,146 tons. There are 244 

 miles of railroad and 1,170 miles of telegraph- 

 lines. 



German Southwest Africa. The German 

 Southwest Africa Protectorate has an area esti- 

 mated at 322,450 square miles, with a population 

 of about 200,000 Hottentots, Bushmen, Damaras, 

 and Bantus. The number of Europeans on Jan. 



1, 1901, was 3,388, of whom 2,104 were Germans, 

 including 761 soldiers, besides whom a native 

 force has been organized and trained. The Gov- 

 ernor in 1902 was Col. Leutwein. A German com- 

 pany has commercial and mining privileges in the 

 coast districts of Namaqualand and Damaraland, 

 and in the north an Anglo-German company has 

 obtained concessions. Refugee Boers have settled 

 on grazing lands in the northeast. The German 

 Government offers to advance 4,000 marks with- 

 out interest to establish German settlers on the 

 land. The Damaras have great herds of cattle 

 and flocks of sheep and goats. Johannesburg 

 capitalists have undertaken to develop copper, 

 graphite, and asbestos deposits. The imports con- 

 sist of provisions, iron manufactures, and textiles, 

 and in 1899 amounted to 8,941,000 marks; the 

 exports, consisting of live animals, guano, wax, 

 feathers, etc., amounted to 1.399,478 marks. The 

 expenditure for 1903 is estimated at 9,458,900 

 marks, to which the Imperial Government con- 

 tributes 7.634.900 marks. 



SOUTH CAROLINA. (See under UNITED 

 STATES.) 



SOUTH CAROLINA INTERSTATE AND 

 WEST INDIAN EXPOSITION. This was 

 held in Charleston, S. C., from Dec. 1, 1901, to 

 June 1, 1902. It had for its special objects the 

 establishment of new industries and commerce in 

 the South ; the opening up of new foreign markets, 

 particularly in the West Indies; the development 

 01 American culture of silk and tea ; the promotion 

 of Southern manufactures of cotton and iron; the 

 establishing of new steamer lines from Charleston, 

 the central seaport of the great Southeast; and 

 the presentation to the world of the resources and 

 attractions of the territory along the Southern 

 seaboard. 



Organization. A resolution approving the 

 project of holding such an exposition in Charleston 

 was passed by the General Assembly of South 

 Carolina in January, 1900, and a year later an act 

 appropriating $50,000 for the purpose of erecting 

 a State building on the exposition grounds and 

 making a complete display of the products and re- 

 sources of the State was unanimously adopted. 

 Soon afterward the Governor of the State ap- 

 pointed a special commission of five members to 

 direct the State exhibit. Meanwhile, the City 

 Council of Charleston appropriated $50,000 in aid 

 of the exposition. A company was organized, 

 with a capital stock of $250,000, of which the offi- 

 cers were as follow: President, F. W. Wagener; 

 vice-president, W. H. Welch; treasurer, Samuel H. 

 Wilson; director-general, John H. Averill; assist- 

 ant director-general, Algar M. Wheeler; general 

 counsel, John F. Ficken; general auditor, P. J. 

 Balaguer; manager of publicity and promotion, 

 J. C. Hemphill; manager of exhibits and conces- 

 sions, E. L. Tessier, Jr. ; manager of law and leg- 

 islation, John F. Ficken; manager of admissions 

 and collections, H. J. Fleming; manager of negro 

 department, Booker T. Washington; manager of 

 live-stock department, George F. Weston; presi- 

 dent of woman's department, Mrs. Sarah Calhoun 

 Simonds. 



Location. A tract of 250 acres about two 

 miles from the business center of Charleston was 

 chosen as the site of the exposition. It included 

 the old Washington race-course and an old plan- 

 tation settled in colonial days, which had become 

 the property of the preside'nt of the Exposition 

 Company. The slightly rolling country lent it- 

 self readily to varied and artistic effects, and the 

 live-oaks with their pendants of Spanish moss 

 formed a feature that was specially attractive. 

 The groves and green slopes of the Wagener farm 

 provided a permanent background for the archi- 

 tect and landscape gardener to work upon. Th> 

 grounds were easily accessible from the city by 

 the electric railway system, and on the west sido 

 by means of Ashley river, to which the grounds 

 extended. 



Buildings. Owing to the happy shape of th<j 

 irregular tract constituting the site, it was possi- 

 ble to divide the grounds into a Natural Section 

 and an Art Section, with the Administration 

 Building marking the separation of the two. In 

 the Natural Section were the Art Palace, the 

 Transportation and Machinery Building, the 

 Woman's Building, and the Negro Building, all 

 shaded by century-old live-oaks, besides the Ave- 

 nue of States and Cities, including the State build- 

 ings from New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, 

 Illinois, Missouri, and city buildings from Phila- 

 delphia and Cincinnati, and also Lake Juanita. 

 covering 30 acres, over which extended the main 

 bridge with its electrical booth and fountain. To 

 the west were the breakwater and the building df- 

 voted to the fisheries exhibit made by the Gov- 

 ernment. To the east and south of the Adminit- 



